Human Elements In Administration Essay

People argon the or so important element in an boldness whether its a business enterprisingness, a tutor, an army or hospital. School administrator and supervisors must be prepargond to deal effectually with the deal conglome tell because they have the most difficulty in apprehension and dealing with the hu state-supported elements of administration. The administrator must understand certain native concepts of motivation. He must have an insight into the nature of authority and influence. And most of wholly, he must have the ability to analyze specific problems and to dribble out his intentions successfully. Technical skills, administrative skills and human skills are the three kinds of skills a successful administrator must possess. * Technical Skills pertains to methods, techniques and processes. * Administrative Skills ability to sop up the organization as an entity and the interrelationship of its various parts * Human Skills refers to the ways of dealing effe ctively with passel.3 Distinct elements*Skill in pinch the basic human forces active in the organization.*Skill in analyzing Gordian human accompaniments.*Skill in implementing a plan of action.It is said that man is a wanting animal. As soon as whiz of his necessarily is satisfied, an different appears in its place. Mans needs are organised in a series of levels or a hierarchy of richness according to the theory of Maslow.Psychological needs to be alive and to bewilder alive.Safety needs to tiltl safe from accidents or pain, from competition or threat. of his behaviour. Ego needs relate to ones self honor and ones reputation. Self fulfilment needs for continued self development, for trulyizing ones own potencyities.Understanding basic needs of an several(prenominal) is important for the administrators and supervisors because deprivation of those needs has behavioural consequences on the part of ones individual. It is also important to understand because of the fact that an individual whose reduce level needs are satisfied, he is not any eight-day motivated to match his psychological and safety needs. Rather, he shifts towards the satisfaction of the other needs in the hierarchy. Unless there are opportunities at work to satisfy these needs, the individual is deprived and his consent behaviour will reflect the deprivation.A New Theory of ManagementProposition on the theory of newly instructions task by McGregor harnessing human energy to organisational requirements are stated as follows1. Management is responsible for organizing the elements of productive enterprise money, veridicals, equipment and people in the interest of economic needs 2 A process of directing peoples efforts, motivating, view asling their actions and modifying their behaviour to fit the needs of the organization 3. It is the responsibility of the management to recognize and develop the individuals potential for development, his capa urban center for assuming responsibility, his readiness to direct behaviour toward organizational goals. 4. The inhering task of management is to arrange organizational conditions and methods of operation in line of battle to achieved desired goals and objectives.New theory of management relies on self control and self direction it treats people as a matured adults and it is management by objectives, Advantages1. it does not involve the relinquishing of leadership, the abdication of management or the lowering of standards 2 it is a process of creating opportunities, encouraging growth, releasing potential, removing obstacles and providing counseling nearly applications of the new theory1. Decentralization and Delegation freeing people from too close control of conventional organization. 2. Job Enlargement encourages the acceptance of responsibility at the bottom of the organization. 3. Participation and Consultative Management people are encouraged to direct their own creative energies towards organ izational objectives and endowment them some voice in decisions. 4. Performance Appraisal individuals are involved in in setting targets and objectives for himself and in a self valuation of performance semi yearlyly or p.a..Close supervision tends to be associated with high school productivity, general supervision with high productivity. The impressiveness of supervising subordinates as a sort are as follows a.) discuss work problems with the sort, b.) group performs well even when the supervisor is absent, c.) foster teamwork and group loyalty and d.) involves group participation in making decisions.THE ADMINISTRATOR OF SCHOOL FINANCINGThe upbeat of the state depends largely upon the education of its citizens. Filipino people recognized the importance of sending children to school whenever and wherever possible. Our leaders and framers of Constitution see to it that the Magna Carta contains a provison that the state should establish and maintain a complete and adequate carcass of education and provide at least free primary for all education of school age.Since school population accommodates on growing and the salaries of the teachers are keep on increasing, more and more blood lines are needed. However, subject financial capability becomes inadequate and need to augment financial resources to keep up with increasing educational needs. In general, the sources for regimen income for education are the following1. Taxes imposed by justness for the support of the government such(prenominal) as the real property tax, specific tax, and import and export taxes. 2. reading fees imposed on students in public high schools, vocational schools, regional normal schools, and chartered colleges and universities. 3. Matriculation fees collected from public vicarious school students, vocational schools, and chartered colleges and universities. there were also a matriculation fee ae trampd in the intercede grades but the fee was abolished by R. A. 4092 ef fective the school year 1964 1965. 4. Rental for lease of school sites and sales of schools products. 5. inflict grants and donations. 6. Voluntary contributions. 7. Special fees such as miscellaneous fees charged from college students for entrance, registration, library, acrobatics, and laboratory, health check and dental clinics, school paper, diplomas, graduations and R.O.T.C. maintenance for Elementary EducationThe Educational procedure of 1940 which nationalized the support of all elementary schools in municipalities and municipal districts saved the situation for the poor communities. The Educational Act of 1940 forbids the collection of tuition fees in the liaise grades although it consents the matriculation fees in an amount to be determined by the chairwoman not exceeding two pesos for each pupil enrolled in the intermediate grades in municipalities and municipal district.The proceeds from this matriculation fee accrue to the fund of the subject field Government to p urchase of library books and equipment and 40% for financing athletic activities in the intermediate grades. While the acquisition of school sites and construction of momentary school buildings remain the responsibility of the local governments. The law abolished the share of municipalities and municipal districts in the internal revenue collections, percentage taxes on the agricultural products and income tax. have for Public Secondary SchoolsThe financial support for the maintenance and operation of public secondary schools provided for by the tike and urban center governments. Generally, the majority of provinces do not have adequate funds to support the schools properly. This deficiency in monetary resource gives occasional difficulty in the payment of secondary teachers salary.The sources of provincial income are the following1. Internal revenue allotments from the national government.2. address from local taxes.3. Fees from services rendered.4. Income from miscellaneous r eceipts.Support for secondary schools1. Tuition and matriculation fee levied by the Provincial Board on all high school students 2. Board uses parts of its general fund in baptismal font of shortage or the Board passes a resolution increasing the rate of tuition 3. Through the enactment of R. A. no 3478, the National Government has been granting annual national aid to general provincial and municipal high schools low with the school year 1963 1964, primarily intended for salary adjustments of teachers and other secondary school personnel 4. Voluntary contributions and donations by private individuals and civic organizationsSupport of barrio experimental high school, the thorax of Public Schools in its Memorandum No. 86, issued on August 1, 1966, states as follows1. The tuition fee to be charged should not be less than 80.00 a year. 2. 50% of the 10% real estate tax proceeds allotted to barrios in accordance with the rewrite Barrio Charter should be set aside and used solely fo r the approach of instruction in the barrio high schools. No amount accruing from this fund should be spent for salaries of teachers and other school personnel. 3. All feeder barrios should share the expenses for the betterment of instruction, the share of each to be proportionate to the number of students from the feeder barrios attending barrio high school. 4. All resolutions of the barrio councils regarding the funding of barrio high schools should be approved by the Municipal Council concerned.Support of Public Schools in Chartered Cities1. Tuition fees and city funds  2. National Government allots lump sums as aid to cities for their educational needs. 3. National aid for salary adjustments of teachers and other secondary school personnel. The law was amended by R.A. No. 4128so as to include all city high schools except Manila and Quezon City.Support of Vocational SchoolsVocational schools unremarkably come under two categories the provincial trade school and the provi ncial agricultural school. The source of income comesfrom the national contribution, tuition and other fees and income from school products. The so called rural high schools which are agricultural in nature are jointly supported by the provinces and municipalities and the National Government.Support of Normal Schoolsregional normal schools are also national like the vocational schools. There are still seven regional normal schools located in strategic places in the country serving the needs of the students in the touch places. Sources of income of these schools are national contribution and tuition fees. The city or municipality where they are located may also appropriate funds for the normal procreation department.Support of Special SchoolsThe Philippine Nautical School located in Pasay is supported entirely by the National Government which offers courses for employment as merchant marine officers. The School for the Deaf and Blind under the Bureau of Public Schools is supporte d by the government with occasionally aid from the Philippine Charity Sweepstakes.Support of Chartered Government Colleges and UniversitiesThe support of chartered government institutions like University of the Philippines comes from the tuition and matriculation fees of students and comes from national funds appropriately annually by Congress. Special aids for the construction, repair and improvement of the buildings are addicted in special legislation or taken from the pork drumfish fund. The tendency of the request by these institutions is to increase every year. Thus, the burden of the National Treasury for the support of these schools keeps on increasing.Other Agencies in helping the support of Public SchoolsA number of foreign agencies give some material aid to the schools aside from the National Government. Among these agencies are the following * AID necrotizing enterocolitis provided in 1966 appropriations for buildings including the constructions of dormitories and al so for typewriters, mimeographing machines and professional books for the Bureau of Public Schools. * UNICEF gave aid in kind such as educational kits, globes, tape recorders, laboratory equipments and vehicles. * The American Foundation for Overseas Blind donated Braille type writers, paper headsets, and so forth * The Pilot Applied Nutrition Project (Bayaribang) is a joint impale of the United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF), The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and the orb Health Organization (WHO).These entities gave help in the form of technical services, learn stipends, vehicles for supervision and various types of supplies and equipments for kitchen, laboratory and agricultural uses. * The Agency for International organic evolution (AID), National Economic Council (NEC), and the Bureau of Public Schools (BPS) jointly undertook a school text production project which started on July 1, 1960 and terminated on June 30, 1965 to help work up the problem of lack of textbooks. The project was expected to print and distribute round 25 million of copies of textbooks within a 5-year period at an estimated bell about 59.5 million.Support for Private SchoolsAll private schools, colleges and universities derive their income in general from tuition fees and miscellaneous fees from students. There is no law prescribing the maximum rate of tuition fees so there is no uniformity and limit in the tuition fees being charged by private schools. Quality schools with practised standards among the religious institutions charge relatively higher rates than the ordinary schools. Some of the religious schools are partly supported from their properties. Some non-sectarian schools operating especially for profit charged comparatively lower tuition fees and even permit their students to pay on easy instalments to attract as many students as possible.