Meiji Japan, Colonialism and Beyond

The most authoritative aspects that would come out of lacquers struggle with China, (the send-off Sino-japanese struggle 1894-1895) and the struggle with Russia (Russo-japanese struggle 1904 1905) did not occur during the wars themselves, but rather in the years following the conflicts. These wars were, essentially, the precursors to the gallant japan of human being fight devil infamy.The First Sino-Japanese war showed Japan that the reforms and modernizations of the Mieji Restoration were working as contrasted to Chinas Self Strengthening Movement that had been a national failure. War wasdecl bed on 1st August 1894, and although foreign observers had predicted an elementary victory for the much massive Chinese forces, the Japanese had done a more successful job of modernizing, and they were better equipped and prepared.Japanese array scored quick and overwhelming victories on both land and sea.1 This war also established a relationship with western nations that re sulted in terrific improvements in Japans military. So profound were this improvements that Japan would after wage a successful war of for the rights to imperial interests against Russia that had a cold superior military.In a way, Japans involvement in these wars did show the nation had developed similarities with Western nations beyond simply modernizing domestically in social and industrial terms. The foreign policy of Japan began to mime the least desirable aspect of all of Western Europes foreign policy. This area of foreign policy was an emphasis on imperialism and village.The untainted tradition of imperialism and colonization involved superiorpowered military incursions into early(a) countries in order to conquer the nation,subjugate the people and strip the native natural resources from the conquered nations. Winning the wars with China and Russia help set the stage for the coming of an Imperial Japan that would wage a massive war in the Pacific Seas during World War Two.By 1895 Japan was beginning to touch the fruits of their labor as the defeat of China in several wars and the annexation of Taiwan brought Japan political recognition from many European countries. identification from the European countries meant an escape from many of the treaties that had been forced upon Japan in the 1870s, and an fusion with England in 1902. Japan had finally won the respect of the developed realism as a military power however, they were still viewed as an substandard culture and were not afforded the same courtesies as predominantly Anglo-Saxon nations.2With the war with China, Japan established a foothold as a colonizing empire as it would claim Korea as the prize for its enlargement. With Russia, the victory was even more complex. In the part of the world where Japan resides, the bulk of the colonial incursions and wars were bought between eastern nations and western nations as well as eastern nations vs. different eastern nations.Japans victory aga inst Russia marked the first epoch an eastern power defeated a western power in a war, the shockwaves of which reverberated throughout the world. Japans standing had greatly increase while Russias standing was greatly diminished. For Russia, the qualifying was yet some other link in the chain of events that would lead to the Bolshevik Revolution and for Japan, the guerilla link in the chain (a second victorious war) that would lead to Japans brutal World War Two imperialist fantasies was solidified.Imperial powers are amoral, but they are not suicidal. That is, it is rare that imperial expansions are undertaken against strong or powerful nations. Japans wins in the First Sino-Japanese War and the Japanese-Russian War were important in the sense that, for lack of a better explanation, saw Japan gain valuable experience in the art of waging war. Furthermore, they established to the world that they were a viable, major power. More importantly, internally, the wins provided feedback to the rulers that Japans military strategies worked and that their army and navy was indeed formidable. The seeds were planted with these victories that primed(p) the foundation for even further expansions that would result in the World War Twos War in the Pacific.Imperialist nations to not put wars that they feel they are going to lose. In terms of colonizing, a loss would be self-defeating and a drain of the nation. A successful colonization incursion eventually pays for itself by way of the colonized nation providing wealth in terms of losing the rewards of its natural resources. The victories in the wars with China and Russia emboldened Japan to have faith enough in itself to join the Axis powers.The expansion of the military from its victories against China and Russia lead to an immorality that would yield biological war in China and forced starvation in the Philippines. The mere item that Japan attacked a superpower the size of the United States speaks volumes for the con fidence Japan had in its military prowess.On the surface, these two wars Japan was involved with were plainly successful and expanded Japans colonial interests and ambitions, but ultimately, the wars turn up disastrous as they were step towards Japans downfall World War Two only brought Japan defeat, humiliation and devastation via the nuclear Bomb.Works CitedAnon., Imperial Japan, functional , Internet, accessed 05 November 2006.Russo-Japanese War Research Society, Forerunners, The Sino-Japanese War, available from http//www.russojapanesewar.com/phila-2.html, Internet, accessed 05 November 2006.National Clearinghouse for U.S.-Japan Studies, Japans Imperial Family, available from http//www.indiana.edu/japan/iguides/imperial.html, Internet, accessed 05 November 2006.1 Russo-Japanese War Research Society, Forerunners, The Sino-Japanese War, available from http//www.russojapanesewar.com/phila-2.html, Internet, accessed 05 November 2006. 2 Anon., Imperial Japan, available from http// filebox.vt.edu/users/jearnol2/ MeijiRestoration/imperial_japan.htm, Internet, accessed 05 November 2006.

Ice Cream Essay

According to grocery store research conductedin 1996, 80% of Philippine consumers bought on impulse (they bought only upon passing an frappe selection brand or scooping station, but without an intention to subvert first) 98% ate chicken feed slam dance was an afternoon snack. Furthermore, studies showed that per capita consumption of frost cream was less than a forth of a gallon per person per year. In 1992, it stood at 0. 23 gallons per person and dec maked to 0. 20 in 1993. On average, domestic nut case cream market was 13. 8 million gallons from 1991-1993, worth estimated p 2. 5-3 billion per annum. wad scratch cream comprised 86% of the industry sales while the placidity was accounted for by frozen novelties. Main competitors in this include San Miguel Corporations (SMC) Magnolia and RFMs Selecta. Magnolia Other trailing competitors are Universal Robina Corporations (URC) Presto, Arce Dairy Ice Cream, and unpolluted foods hare Island, as well as foreign brands like Baskin-Robbins ,Dreyers and Haagen-Dazs. Magnolia The pioneer crank cream brand in terms of flavour, quality control, variety, technology and diffusion produced by the merger of SMC and Nestle.It introduced the Flavor of the Month series that provided a Brobdingnagian variety of ice cream flavours to the consumer, with projected volumes of FoM ice cream interchange reaching over 28 million gallons. It pioneered the introduction of tropical harvest-tide flavours. It was the first to achieve International Standards Organization quality standards, and is the only Philippine ice cream brand that has expanded overseas. Magnolia is poised as the master(prenominal) competitor, as it aims to be at the forefront of the dairy industry.With increasing competition, MNC intends to necessitate its products available in neighborhood stores and major outlets introduce a feedback utensil that will help the corporation monitor the market and employ bleak approaches to selling. Currently, ma gnolia is the preferred choice of many five star hotels, fine dine restaurants, sports and country clubs and food chains.Presto this brand claims value for money, as part of the integrated philosophy of the Gokongweis, owners of JG summit corp. hich URC is part of, which is to make available value-for-money items for all its consumer-branded products, and as such has positioned its prices lower than Magnolia & Selecta. Presto excels in the frozen novelties market, as was demonstrated in their introduction of Tivoli standards, the first ice cream bar in the Philippines, a phenomenal success that had competitors challenge it with their own versions of ice cream bars. Presto currently nabing the number three position, is unconquerable to further widen its market share and catch up with the giants.Thus, the troupe is eyeing the possibility of plant capacity expansion and wider distribution network. It is also fit(p) to enhance its advertising campaigns and be very active in the confabulation field. Arce Dairy This ice cream brand was started in January 1995 and immediately got hold of a 5% market share. Its trademark was the use of carabao milk as base, comfortably within the 5-16% fatness content requirement to be called ice cream because carabao milk contains considerably more fat than cow milk (9. 65% as opposed to 4. 16%).Only the expensive ice cream (super deluxe and super special) of Arce contain carabao milk, and are priced at exalted than the rates of the competition, showing that Arces main strength is its appeal to the AB market where its products cost P3-5 more than its competitors products, and as its regular ice cream products are priced lower than its competitors by P3-5 which indicates its attempt to appeal to the CD markets tendency to want every peso to count. Coney Island 1976 sawing machine the entry of Coney Island in the topical anesthetic ice cream market.It introduced a new standard of creaminess thanks to its products high m ilk fat content, setting a standard for flavour richness back then. Purefoods acquired it in 1991 and increased its production capacity without having neglected the improvement of its quality. In line with Pure Foods rule of following the highest international standards, Coney Island tried to implement the zero-vegetable fat and at least 10 portion milk fat standard of US ice cream. It used high quality ingredients like Callebaut chocolate from Belgium for its top-of-the-line products such as the Premium Bar, Pure and Simple and Bugs Bunny Bar.It repositioned itself in the market in 1995 to improve local competitiveness. It marketed its products as Not Just Ordinary Ice Cream, back up by new flavours and packaging. Coney Island revised its product classification, and began categorizing its bulk ice cream as simply creamy, fruit and nuts, and cakes and pastries instead of the traditional bountifulness and super premium. This move was inspired by a study that showed that consumers buy ice cream on the basis of flavour concepts. hostile Brands Foreign include Haagen-Dazs, Dreyers Grand Ice Cream and Baskin-Robbins. Dreyers was the first to get across the local market.

Mass Media Essay

The mussiness media are diversified media technologies that are think to reach a large audience by mass converse. The technologies by means of which this discourse takes place varies. Broadcast media much(prenominal) as radio, recorded music, ikon and television transmit their information electronically. Print media use a sensible object such as anewspaper, book, pamphlet or comics,1 to distribute their information. outdoorsy media is a form of mass media that comprises billboards, signs or placards placed inside and orthogonal of commercial buildings, sports stadiums, shops and buses. Other outdoor media include flying billboards (signs in tow of airplanes), blimps, and skywriting.2 Public speaking and event organising back end also be considered as forms of mass media.3 The digital media comprises both net profit and mobile mass conversation. lucre media provides many mass media services, such as email, websites, blogs, and internet based radio and television. Many o ther mass media outlets contribute a presence on the web, by such things as having TV ads that link to a website, or distributing a QR Code in print or outdoor media to take on a mobile user to a website. In this way, they can lend oneself the easy accessibility that the profits has, and the outreach that Internet affords, as information can easily be broadcast to many different regions of the world concurrently and cost-efficiently. The organizations that control these technologies, such as television stations or publishing companies, are also known as the mass media.INTERNETThe Internet is a global meshing connecting millions of computers. More than 100 countries are coupled into exchanges of data, news and opinions. According to Internet World Stats, as of December 31, 2011 in that location was an estimated 2,267,233,742 Internet users worldwide. The number of Internet users represents 32.7 percent of the worlds population. conflicting online services, which are centrall y controlled, the Internet is decentralized by design. Each Internet computer, called a host, is independent. Its operators can choose which Internet services to use and which local anaesthetic services to make available to the global Internet community. Remarkably, this anarchy by design works exceedingly well. There are a miscellanea of ways to access the Internet. Most online services offer access to some(prenominal) Internet services. It is also possible to gain access through a commercial Internet Service Provider (ISP).The Internet has become unaccepted to ignore in the past two years. Even large number who do not own a computer and have no hazard to surf the net could not have missed the news stories roughly the Internet, many of which speculate about its cause on the ever-increasing number of masses who are on line. Why, then, have conversation theory researchers, historically concerned with exploring the effects of mass media, nearly ignored the Internet? Wit h 25 million people estimated to be communicating on the Internet, should communication researchers now consider this network of networks 1 a mass specialty? Until recently, mass communications researchers have overlooked not only the Internet but the entire firmament of computer-mediated communication, staying instead with the customsal forms of broadcast and print media that fit much more(prenominal) conveniently into models for appropriate research topics and theories of mass communication. However, this paper argues that if mass communications researchers continue to largely disregard the research potential of the Internet, their theories about communication will become less useful.Not only will the report be left behind, it will also miss an opportunity to look for and rethink answers to some of the central questions of mass communications research, questions that go to the face of the model of source-message-receiver with which the field has struggled. This paper prop oses a conceptualization of the Internet as a mass medium, based on revised ideas of what constitutes a mass audience and a mediating technology. The computer as a new communication technology opens a space for scholars to rethink assumptions and categories, and perhaps even to rise up new insights into traditional communication technologies. This paper looks at the Internet, rather than computer-mediated communication as a whole, in order to place the new medium within the context of other mass media. Mass media researchers have traditionally organized themselves around a specific communications medium. The newspaper, for instance, is a more precisely defined area of interest than printing-press-mediated communi- cation, which embraces more specialized areas, such as company brochures or wedding invitations. Of course, there is far more than a semantic difference between conceptualizing a new communication technology by its communicative form than by the technology itself. The tradition of mass communication research has accepted newspapers, radio, and television as its objects of look at for social, political, and economic reasons. As technology changes and media converge, those research categories must become flexible.

Observation play Essay

Kiahi a boy of active 3 years old was diarrheaing alone stood on a small hill of dirt , at offset it looked standardised her was expert face at the other kids fiddle. When I kept looking at him to see if he was besides going to continue to doing nothing, but finder the other children I noticed that he was standing there like a solider tall and with determination on his face. With his hand to his forehead looking well-nigh as the other children ran around. After a while I see that he is pointing to his class mates at random and looks to be big directions, more like orders, of some sort, although no one is give attention.After self-aggrandizing bump off-key orders in a solider like modal value he nods his head, as though satisfied with himself and his team though it was honorable him solveing, and pulls out some kind of black/sliver rectangular profound chain object out of his shirt pocket. He clicks on it, as if it had buttons, brings it up to his ear and talks an d nods, hes using it as a cell phone. After he is done he clicks it once again to end the call and puts it back to his pocket. Then he just runs off the hill and goes plays at the play structure, as if what he just did n perpetually happened.At first I thought Kiahi was engaging in inactive play, because to me it looked as if he was doing nothing at all but just looking at what everyone else was doing. As I kept observing him it looked to him that his was doing caveman play. Playing out a role of someone with authorization giving out orders, and taking calls. It was solitary because no one else was engaging with him in is play even though he pointed out to other kids when giving off orders no one paid him attention.Sophia a girl of about 4 years old with a temperament of a organism shy and quite, wasnt playing with anybody else. She was reluctant to join anybody for play. After a while Sophia looks to have acquired a play mate Elena a sonant spoken 3 years old, though in so me occasion I did hear her be a little louder towards other kids, they be playing in the sand box. It looks like they are playing kitchen cooking, serving, slickness and cleaning. Throughout the play not a word was spoken, but they seemed to extend in their own dense way.After a while Sophia and Elena move to play with the winds, when Sophia would turn her back on the ball and it rolled remote from her instead of calling out to Sophia to get the ball Elena runs after the ball and gives it back to Sophia in her hands and points to the baskets behind her. In a silent gesture to throw the ball at the basket. I found these girls kindle because Ive observed them for a while during the morning time when dropped off up until free play outside.I know for a circumstance that both girls speak Elena even yells at times when kids dont pay attention for following the rules. Sophia is new to the pre-school program at read/write head Start and cries when her Mom, as Ms. Perla info rmed me, leaves her but just for a few minutes. It takes Sophia a few hours to get into play with actual words being spoken. Elena is a sweet little that separated from her little group of friends to play with Sophia and to me it looked as if Elena understood Sophia not wanting to speak, seeing as Elena ever attempted to say a single word to her.At first Sophia was engaging in solitary play, playing on her own on the play structure. In the sand box Sophia and Elena cooperative playing, even though they didnt say a word, the worked together to prepare, cook and serve a meal and clean up after they were done. They had a common purpose in playing kitchen. After that they played with the balls which turned to associative play still playing together but without a common cultivation because Sophia wasnt as engaged as Elena in trying to play basketball.

Many Headed Hydra Summary Essay

Chapter 1 Summary for The Many Headed HydraThe chapter tells the story of the wreckage of the Sea-Venture off Bermuda in 1609. The mass of the shipped was wel pay backd by a land that contains both water and abundant of food. be that they were suppose to be new reinforcements for the plantation for the Virginia Company, they decided that they will cut off the command from the company and create a settlement of their own because of the wealth that Bermuda contains. The chapter then goes on to compare the colonial conditions between the Bermuda and Virginia. Unlike Bermuda, the conditions in Virginia was filled with labor and wretchedness indicating that the people who lived in Virginia faced numerous hardships. The settlement in Virginia went through a series of unfortunate events for a number of reasons. The main reasons that Virginia went into a time of turmoil was because people every died from sickness, dont want to work, or commit crimes that include executing or stealing.Wi th these problems at hand, Virginia Company of London were having difficulty establishing authority when it comes to relations with the people who are living in the Virginia. Due to their inability to do what they were assigned, the officers decided to use military discipline as their way to nourish order. The chapters contains historical references regarding the English historical background when it comes to their colonization and the events that led to the problems that was to come in their way. Such problems includes the Tudor regional rebellions that took place like the Cornish Rising(1497), the Prayer Book Rebellion (1536) or the Felt-Makers Riot(1584).Besides the historical references, round pieces of literature have also been noted because of how the events of the Sea-Venture were described in Shakespeares book The Tempest. The chapter suggested themes that were shown in the story depict an earliest form of capitalist economy and colonization as well as the struggle of adj usting to new ways of life.

Covering Ignorance

In The New coquettely Rights, Kenji Yoshino proposed that convince is needed in our current urbane rights. In novel discussion of civil rights, one issue has been seen that minorities be covering or toning down a disfavored identity operator to fit into the mainstream (Yoshino 479). On the one hand, almost argues that covering is a vital part for a fluid neighborly interaction and peaceful coexistence. From this perspective, we elicit see that the Yoshinos newly civil rights that should be based to individual rights rather than groups can have a drastic wobble in how our party functions (Yoshino 481).On the other(a) hand, Yoshino argues that a new civil rights is needed for harnessing individual authenticity rather than to assimilate in group identities. In Steve Olsons essay he said that howdy is a melting pot of racial cultures where races are almost identical because of the history of intermarriage but still these passel chose to affiliate themselves differently than others (Olson 251). According to this view even with the lost of distinction between racial groups in Hawaii they still affiliate themselves to different groups to distinguish from the other groups.By looking at Yoshinos paradigm of new civil rights, we can see that while its goal of liberty is commendable, it is dependent on individuals that give give action which is impractical. We can in sum, then, the issue is finding an efficacious way to help all citizens exercise their civil rights or impart it be just a lost cause because we leave behind quell ignorant of the issue. In Marc Maurers Creating Disability Rights Maurer said they themselves the disabled are the primary agents of change (Maurer 6).Maurer wanted to change the view of the judicial court well-nigh how the disabled are being discriminated and not being defend by the civil rights, but again the exchangeable Yoshinos idea, Maurer of necessity the flock to see the issue and act upon it which can cause peopl e to ignore it. I myself didnt really give too much(prenominal) thought about these matters because I lack knowledge in these issues about civil rights. I suppose in that respect is some degree of pauperism necessary in order to provoke or encourage a kindly change but because todays society is like water in that it always seems to take the path of least resistance.If there is any obstruction it will simply go around. Most people dont want their lives interrupted by pressing issues like gay or civil rights. They are viewed as obstructions. To maintain social flow, insistence for change by the struggling groups will be more often than not ignored and the norm of society will use assimilation as its justification vehicle, resulting in covering. In order to change, we must be voluntary to see the dark side of assimilation, and specifically covering, which is the most widespread body of assimilation required of us today. (Yoshino 480) This statement elaborates on the idea that ch ange will occur when society is educated enough to realize the identity assassination that occurs with assimilation, and also be willing to realize it rather than ignore. Education, as it has in the past, will be the best way for social change to occur. Urging change will always encounter resistance, where education will cause improvement. In this way the modern school can dramatic event a positive role in advancing this complicated society of ours toward a future in which all kinds of people are twain valued and respected.

Nutrition considerations as key elements in the development and production of food products

Nutrition considerations atomic number 18 often key elements in the development and production of food products. Discuss the influence of nutrimentary trends and guidelines much(prenominal) as Health of the Nation on the production of food products.oer the last 20 years the number of people who are grave has increased three fold and is still rising. In 1998 30,000 premature deaths in England were caused by corpulency. It is estimated that nearly two thirds of men and over half the women in this arena are now overweight or obese. This line of work is increase faster in this country than any other European country and if the trend continues to rise at the current rate then by 2010 one in four adults go forth be obese.Heart infirmity, diabetes, racy blood pressure and osteoarthritis are solely conditions that are conjugate to obesity. All these conditions represent a great burden on the internal Health process. Heart disease causes 270,000 heart attacks each year in the Un ited Kingdom and if obesity continues to rise then so will the incidences of coronary heart disease. Not only does the National Health servicing carry the burden of obesity, and the economy of the country as social unit through lost work days as a essence of obesity related illnesses.There is no easy way for the government activity of any country to tackle this caper, but there is scope for forward motion of healthier life styles. Experts blame the rise in obesity on a combi population of a less active lifestyle and changes to our eating patterns. Combating obesity relies on well-balanced, healthful eating and an increase in regular bodily activity.In 1998 the Government published its thou Paper Saving Lives Our healthy Nation. This is an action plan to tackle the poor health, realising that good health is original to all our lives. It focused on tackling the main killers cancer, coronary heart disease and stroke, accidents and mental illness. The Government set targets in these priority areas. One of the targets was to slue the death rate from coronary heart disease and stroke by at least two fifths in people under 75 by the year 2010. Individual choices about lifestyle, much(prenominal) as diet, retain a direct impact on health and as such people should be encouraged to adopt healthy eating habits. However, healthy foods, at least in Britain, are not only much expensive then unhealthy foods, but also take interminable to prepare. For many people these days time as well as money costs can be an important determinant of lifestyle choice.Supermarkets wee extended their range of fresh fruit in modern years with import form all over the world. Healthy foods are now clearly marked and in fact the government has legislated that all food products should be clearly marked with their nutritional values for customers to firebrand an informed choice. Manufacturers are well aware that people are farther closely more aware of the need to adopt a heal thier diet and mark their products accordingly. Consumers can be targeted through the mass media and advertisers target genuine groups.Health promotion has a role to play in educating the rural area towards a healthier lifestyle, including diet. The Government is committed to improving the health of the nation and hopes to empower individuals to take charge of their own health through education. Schools have an important part to play in educating its pupils towards a healthy lifestyle.The Green Paper Our Healthier Nation is aimed mainly at the Health Service and the role it can play in helping to bring deal the death rate and the main theme is to educate the individual to compel informed choice regarding their lifestyle. It is not really aimed at manufacturers of food products, but peoples awareness and demand for a healthier diet will subscribe the manufacturers to be more proactive in the production of healthier products.Whilst the problem of poor health caused by obesity app ears to be the target of most health education programmes, it is important to remember that malnutrition can also be a problem. However, this is more often thought of as a problem of the third world countries.

Keywords on the Victorian Age

Sigmund Freud -? psychology->Hu hu human beings mind/motivation Religion Empire engineering steam engines, trans Atlantic Telegraph line, big ships, railways, stamps, street lights. Mostly mobility and communication. urban center Upper-class (etiquette) Middlemans (servants) lower class (survival) disposition Art soldiery Matthew Arnold In Harmony with Nature Stanza 1 In harmony with Nature discontented fool -? The tone is set, he Is ridiculing the romantics, who see character as something fine and good.The rest of stanza 1 the cashier is saying that it is impossible to be in harmony with spirit. To imagine that we, humans can be like nature strong, like nature cool. Stanza 2 Know, man hath all which Nature hath, alone more. the human race has the same attributes as nature ( roughshodty and stubbornness) but humans are also able to feel pity and remorse, which Is both good and bad. Man Is sick of blood Stanza 3 Nature is fickle, man hath need of rest Here is another contr ast between nature and man. Man needs to be able to rest, but as big as nature is unpredictable, which It is and always will, man will not be able to rest. Nature forgives no debt, and fears no grave Again the narrator points out that man and nature are incompatible. Man does, in roughly cases, fear the grave and man are able to forgive debts. That is what makes us human however it also makes us weak. A weakness, which isnt, in whatever way, present In nature. It links up very well with the adjoining line that says, Man would be mild, and with safe conscience blest Its not that nature is evil it just doesnt hold the attributes which makes humans human. Nature has no conscience and its not mild, tauter does not forgive because it does not Judge, nature is cruel because it shows no mercy.The three last lines of stanza 3 sums up the message of the poem. Man must begin, know this, where Nature ends Nature and man can never be fast friends Nature has granted us with a strain for ou r lives its our Job as humans to build up our homes and grow our handle in order to survive. Nature is a heartless foundation on which we must build our existence. Fool, If thou cants pass her, rest her slave the final exam line of the poem says that If you arena strong enough to control ND use nature for your own good you will remain a slave to nature. OFF I en poem Is auto victorious control over nature Ana not living along blackthorn It I en poem claims that its not possible to live in harmony with nature because nature wont show you mercy if youre in need. You have to provide for yourselves. The poem is a tribute to the industrialists society where man has managed to enslave nature. This view on nature is very much the opposite of how the romantics felt about nature. In romantic literature nature was praised as the place where inspiration and life sprang from.

Human Elements In Administration Essay

People argon the or so important element in an boldness whether its a business enterprisingness, a tutor, an army or hospital. School administrator and supervisors must be prepargond to deal effectually with the deal conglome tell because they have the most difficulty in apprehension and dealing with the hu state-supported elements of administration. The administrator must understand certain native concepts of motivation. He must have an insight into the nature of authority and influence. And most of wholly, he must have the ability to analyze specific problems and to dribble out his intentions successfully. Technical skills, administrative skills and human skills are the three kinds of skills a successful administrator must possess. * Technical Skills pertains to methods, techniques and processes. * Administrative Skills ability to sop up the organization as an entity and the interrelationship of its various parts * Human Skills refers to the ways of dealing effe ctively with passel.3 Distinct elements*Skill in pinch the basic human forces active in the organization.*Skill in analyzing Gordian human accompaniments.*Skill in implementing a plan of action.It is said that man is a wanting animal. As soon as whiz of his necessarily is satisfied, an different appears in its place. Mans needs are organised in a series of levels or a hierarchy of richness according to the theory of Maslow.Psychological needs to be alive and to bewilder alive.Safety needs to tiltl safe from accidents or pain, from competition or threat. of his behaviour. Ego needs relate to ones self honor and ones reputation. Self fulfilment needs for continued self development, for trulyizing ones own potencyities.Understanding basic needs of an several(prenominal) is important for the administrators and supervisors because deprivation of those needs has behavioural consequences on the part of ones individual. It is also important to understand because of the fact that an individual whose reduce level needs are satisfied, he is not any eight-day motivated to match his psychological and safety needs. Rather, he shifts towards the satisfaction of the other needs in the hierarchy. Unless there are opportunities at work to satisfy these needs, the individual is deprived and his consent behaviour will reflect the deprivation.A New Theory of ManagementProposition on the theory of newly instructions task by McGregor harnessing human energy to organisational requirements are stated as follows1. Management is responsible for organizing the elements of productive enterprise money, veridicals, equipment and people in the interest of economic needs 2 A process of directing peoples efforts, motivating, view asling their actions and modifying their behaviour to fit the needs of the organization 3. It is the responsibility of the management to recognize and develop the individuals potential for development, his capa urban center for assuming responsibility, his readiness to direct behaviour toward organizational goals. 4. The inhering task of management is to arrange organizational conditions and methods of operation in line of battle to achieved desired goals and objectives.New theory of management relies on self control and self direction it treats people as a matured adults and it is management by objectives, Advantages1. it does not involve the relinquishing of leadership, the abdication of management or the lowering of standards 2 it is a process of creating opportunities, encouraging growth, releasing potential, removing obstacles and providing counseling nearly applications of the new theory1. Decentralization and Delegation freeing people from too close control of conventional organization. 2. Job Enlargement encourages the acceptance of responsibility at the bottom of the organization. 3. Participation and Consultative Management people are encouraged to direct their own creative energies towards organ izational objectives and endowment them some voice in decisions. 4. Performance Appraisal individuals are involved in in setting targets and objectives for himself and in a self valuation of performance semi yearlyly or p.a..Close supervision tends to be associated with high school productivity, general supervision with high productivity. The impressiveness of supervising subordinates as a sort are as follows a.) discuss work problems with the sort, b.) group performs well even when the supervisor is absent, c.) foster teamwork and group loyalty and d.) involves group participation in making decisions.THE ADMINISTRATOR OF SCHOOL FINANCINGThe upbeat of the state depends largely upon the education of its citizens. Filipino people recognized the importance of sending children to school whenever and wherever possible. Our leaders and framers of Constitution see to it that the Magna Carta contains a provison that the state should establish and maintain a complete and adequate carcass of education and provide at least free primary for all education of school age.Since school population accommodates on growing and the salaries of the teachers are keep on increasing, more and more blood lines are needed. However, subject financial capability becomes inadequate and need to augment financial resources to keep up with increasing educational needs. In general, the sources for regimen income for education are the following1. Taxes imposed by justness for the support of the government such(prenominal) as the real property tax, specific tax, and import and export taxes. 2. reading fees imposed on students in public high schools, vocational schools, regional normal schools, and chartered colleges and universities. 3. Matriculation fees collected from public vicarious school students, vocational schools, and chartered colleges and universities. there were also a matriculation fee ae trampd in the intercede grades but the fee was abolished by R. A. 4092 ef fective the school year 1964 1965. 4. Rental for lease of school sites and sales of schools products. 5. inflict grants and donations. 6. Voluntary contributions. 7. Special fees such as miscellaneous fees charged from college students for entrance, registration, library, acrobatics, and laboratory, health check and dental clinics, school paper, diplomas, graduations and R.O.T.C. maintenance for Elementary EducationThe Educational procedure of 1940 which nationalized the support of all elementary schools in municipalities and municipal districts saved the situation for the poor communities. The Educational Act of 1940 forbids the collection of tuition fees in the liaise grades although it consents the matriculation fees in an amount to be determined by the chairwoman not exceeding two pesos for each pupil enrolled in the intermediate grades in municipalities and municipal district.The proceeds from this matriculation fee accrue to the fund of the subject field Government to p urchase of library books and equipment and 40% for financing athletic activities in the intermediate grades. While the acquisition of school sites and construction of momentary school buildings remain the responsibility of the local governments. The law abolished the share of municipalities and municipal districts in the internal revenue collections, percentage taxes on the agricultural products and income tax. have for Public Secondary SchoolsThe financial support for the maintenance and operation of public secondary schools provided for by the tike and urban center governments. Generally, the majority of provinces do not have adequate funds to support the schools properly. This deficiency in monetary resource gives occasional difficulty in the payment of secondary teachers salary.The sources of provincial income are the following1. Internal revenue allotments from the national government.2. address from local taxes.3. Fees from services rendered.4. Income from miscellaneous r eceipts.Support for secondary schools1. Tuition and matriculation fee levied by the Provincial Board on all high school students 2. Board uses parts of its general fund in baptismal font of shortage or the Board passes a resolution increasing the rate of tuition 3. Through the enactment of R. A. no 3478, the National Government has been granting annual national aid to general provincial and municipal high schools low with the school year 1963 1964, primarily intended for salary adjustments of teachers and other secondary school personnel 4. Voluntary contributions and donations by private individuals and civic organizationsSupport of barrio experimental high school, the thorax of Public Schools in its Memorandum No. 86, issued on August 1, 1966, states as follows1. The tuition fee to be charged should not be less than 80.00 a year. 2. 50% of the 10% real estate tax proceeds allotted to barrios in accordance with the rewrite Barrio Charter should be set aside and used solely fo r the approach of instruction in the barrio high schools. No amount accruing from this fund should be spent for salaries of teachers and other school personnel. 3. All feeder barrios should share the expenses for the betterment of instruction, the share of each to be proportionate to the number of students from the feeder barrios attending barrio high school. 4. All resolutions of the barrio councils regarding the funding of barrio high schools should be approved by the Municipal Council concerned.Support of Public Schools in Chartered Cities1. Tuition fees and city funds  2. National Government allots lump sums as aid to cities for their educational needs. 3. National aid for salary adjustments of teachers and other secondary school personnel. The law was amended by R.A. No. 4128so as to include all city high schools except Manila and Quezon City.Support of Vocational SchoolsVocational schools unremarkably come under two categories the provincial trade school and the provi ncial agricultural school. The source of income comesfrom the national contribution, tuition and other fees and income from school products. The so called rural high schools which are agricultural in nature are jointly supported by the provinces and municipalities and the National Government.Support of Normal Schoolsregional normal schools are also national like the vocational schools. There are still seven regional normal schools located in strategic places in the country serving the needs of the students in the touch places. Sources of income of these schools are national contribution and tuition fees. The city or municipality where they are located may also appropriate funds for the normal procreation department.Support of Special SchoolsThe Philippine Nautical School located in Pasay is supported entirely by the National Government which offers courses for employment as merchant marine officers. The School for the Deaf and Blind under the Bureau of Public Schools is supporte d by the government with occasionally aid from the Philippine Charity Sweepstakes.Support of Chartered Government Colleges and UniversitiesThe support of chartered government institutions like University of the Philippines comes from the tuition and matriculation fees of students and comes from national funds appropriately annually by Congress. Special aids for the construction, repair and improvement of the buildings are addicted in special legislation or taken from the pork drumfish fund. The tendency of the request by these institutions is to increase every year. Thus, the burden of the National Treasury for the support of these schools keeps on increasing.Other Agencies in helping the support of Public SchoolsA number of foreign agencies give some material aid to the schools aside from the National Government. Among these agencies are the following * AID necrotizing enterocolitis provided in 1966 appropriations for buildings including the constructions of dormitories and al so for typewriters, mimeographing machines and professional books for the Bureau of Public Schools. * UNICEF gave aid in kind such as educational kits, globes, tape recorders, laboratory equipments and vehicles. * The American Foundation for Overseas Blind donated Braille type writers, paper headsets, and so forth * The Pilot Applied Nutrition Project (Bayaribang) is a joint impale of the United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF), The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and the orb Health Organization (WHO).These entities gave help in the form of technical services, learn stipends, vehicles for supervision and various types of supplies and equipments for kitchen, laboratory and agricultural uses. * The Agency for International organic evolution (AID), National Economic Council (NEC), and the Bureau of Public Schools (BPS) jointly undertook a school text production project which started on July 1, 1960 and terminated on June 30, 1965 to help work up the problem of lack of textbooks. The project was expected to print and distribute round 25 million of copies of textbooks within a 5-year period at an estimated bell about 59.5 million.Support for Private SchoolsAll private schools, colleges and universities derive their income in general from tuition fees and miscellaneous fees from students. There is no law prescribing the maximum rate of tuition fees so there is no uniformity and limit in the tuition fees being charged by private schools. Quality schools with practised standards among the religious institutions charge relatively higher rates than the ordinary schools. Some of the religious schools are partly supported from their properties. Some non-sectarian schools operating especially for profit charged comparatively lower tuition fees and even permit their students to pay on easy instalments to attract as many students as possible.

Is Hamlet Mad

Is crossroads afflictive (His Indecisive Soliloquies)? A controversy occurs over whether junctures behavior displays craziness or planned insightfulness when deciding on his visit on top executive Claudius. Prince crossroadss bearing unfortunately spirals discover of hand when his father mysteriously dies. Suspicion of the possible murder of the female monarch rises when his mother immediately marries King Claudius. critical propose becomes extremely skeptical accept that his father did non die of murder and concludes that King Claudius could be held as a suspect. He contemplates his plans on penalize on some occasion al iodin, in literature, dwelln as soliloquies. major purpose f Shakespe ars use of Soliloquies in settlement is to provide attitudes of the prince at crucial moments in the course of his experience(Newell 134) His hobbyhorse to find give away awayicially causes settlements change of behaviour, a crazy behaviour in which he gets he acts on purpose. Yet many in the story claim settlements rash decisions, choppy hatred towards Ophelia, and the killing of Polonius, appear out of a mental disease he developed of course later on his fathers death. The reader makes their own opinions when observing how he acts by himself reflecting on his journey towards r evege. settlement progresses from indecisiveness and confusion when handling the matters of retaliation towards King Claudius observed in portrayal 2, Scene 2 put to work 3, Scene 1 and Act 4 Scene 2. This is due to his apparitional morals some convictions, and other times hes so blind by revenge that he wants to i the top executive when hes in a position of unholiness. startly, in act 2, scene 2, small town shows vengeful confusion demonstrating himself as an avenger. The scene begins with Gertrude inviting Guildenstern and Rosencrantz to Elsinore in hopes to help small town recover from his sudden change of behaviour.Since they come grown up with him, they eff his face-to-faceity the best, thus critical point, Gertrudes too much changed son (2. 2. 36) contains t revokeerness solely for his comrades, opening the gates for Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to investigate secretly. juncture attends pleased astir(predicate) the arrival of his best friends, to date becomes skeptical over their reason for the sudden appearance. When they claim they came merely to revisit small town, he strictly declares that he knows the office and the queen sent for them. After the players perform, giving an enlightening speech regarding the pass by of Troy, crossroads leaves his comrades, standing al angiotensin converting enzyme.hither, he sound outs a plan to find out whether Claudius indeed killed his father. Forcing Claudius to watch The Murder of Gonzaga, a play which may r may not resemble Claudiuss own very life, hamlet will scout his reaction of potential guilt written on his face- proof that Claudius did indeed murder the king. crossroadss fourth monologue may be seen as a link between the stirred turmoil f his previous soliloquy, later onwards his encounter with the ghost and the take of intellectuality of the to be or not to be soliloquy shortly after it. (Newell 56) In other speech, this soliloquy could be considered as a coalition connecting with chaos, his previous soliloquy, and intuitiveness, his subsequent soliloquy.Unfortunately, Hamlet displays il ratiocinativeness finishedout his soliloquy. He uses contradicting analogies masking lack of commitment and certainty to act n revenge. line reads that he prevails with eyes equivalent carbuncles, the fossaish Pyrrhus old grandsire Priam seeks. So proceed you. (2. 2. 466-468) Hamlet relates himself to Pyrrhus. Therefore, if Hamlet is like Pyrrhus, then Priam is in avoidably an analogue for Claudius against whom Hamlet seeks revenge. (Newell 59) If Hamlet committed to his quest for revenge, he would further his commitment by like analogies supporting his class ification as the avenger. Instead, he then propels himself in the confrontation direction, by using words peasant slave for himself and kindles villain in the rhetoric way (Newell k). This also creates a controversy f prospective. First he calls himself a revenger like Pyrrhus. precisely it comes from Aeneas pint f view creating sympathy f Hamlet (Newell 58) In addition, Hamlets scheme he reveals in his soliloquy subsists as a flawed plan.Firstly, Hamlet claims The rugged Pyrrhus, like the Hyr apprizeian woman chaser (2. 2. 453). He compares Pyrrhus as a Hyr send wordian beast a skid because it reveals Hamlets subconscious views of Pyrrhus as an avenger acting mind littlely with bestial force (Newman 57) Secondly, Hamlets plan to catch the conscience of the king (2. 2. 610) is t trap the king by bringing out an emotional response. he plans to catch Claudius connecting emotionally with an actor who plays killer, therefore revealing Claudius as the killer.However, this topic sta rts to become unsound because Claudius feeling close to(predicate) the play could never exact become a reliable source f truth t killing Hamlets father. Many connect with movies because of the engaging actors and actresses, the tip off of lights, and the overall atmosphere the director creates without actually leaving through the alike(p) situation the character did in the movie. Emotional responses should not be hotshots ticket to killing. Obviously, Hamlets declaration I am merely mad north-north-west when the wind is southerly I know a hawk from a handsaw (2. 2. 81-382) could prove itself at such a crucial moment, forelanding the truthfulness or reliability in this quote. If Hamlet chose to act mad at nerve-wrecking times in his life, then he would have turned off his performance and demonstrated sanity and assurance when alone, developing a significant plan that may alter his life. Consequently, Hamlets soliloquy reveals care slightness and il lucidness, pushing his re flections n a minus note upon his act towards revenge. Secondly, Act 3 of Hamlet opens with Guildenstern and Rosencrantz meeting with Gertrude and Claudius, discussing Hamlets behavior.The trio has come to the conclusion that no one can explain his bizarre change, so Claudius dismisses the other three, saying that he and Polonius reckon to spy on Hamlets confrontation with Ophelia. While Polonius and the king walk a1round the lobby, they hear Hamlet coming and decide to cover up fag end the tapestry. Not detecting their presence, Hamlet wrestles with the decision to commit suicide. To be or not to be, that is the ques2tion (3. 1. 56) He believes suicide will end the pain of his foundation for good. Between the sick soul and the knowledge and of love here are interstellar spaces that divide Hell from Heaven. (Bloom 56) This means to the ordinary eye, Heaven and Hell stand tremendously far away from each other. However, when considering into account a question like this, one can make the gap seem much smaller. Although the consideration of suicide from any character is daunting at the very least, Hamlet still approaches the question with eloquence and logical thinking. Initially, Hamlet attempts to pose one such a question in a rational, logical way. He ponders why or how the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune (3. 1. 58) can be borne out since life after death is so uncertain.Ha1mlet considers that suicide would not seem as big of a deal if one knows his death or her afterlife. because Ha1mlet believes one does not know what happens after death, he or she would rather bear those ill we have, then fly to others that we know not of (3. 1. 81-82) Many struggle with this issue of what happens after people die, and even base many decisions upon it. For Hamlet to recognize this uncertainty as a significant fact in the idea of suicide rather than resultant some sort of ever lowesting pain, shows complete logical cogitate.In fact, by the time most conclude that their life must end, they too senile have become already mentally unstable and crazy to even formulate why suicide stiff a controversial issue. Hamlet explains that if everyone knew about his or her afterlife, most suicides will indeed occur and the issue would not seem contentious. Furthermore, Hamlet shows his intelligence in depicting his decision about suicide in his to be or not to be soliloquy. Although at this moment, Hamlet realizes that many choose life over death because of the softness to know ones afterlife, the speech remains a sibylline contemplation about the nature and reason for death.After posing this complex question and wondering about the nature of the grand sleep, Hamlet goes on to itemisation many sufferings which men are prone to in the midst of lifes rough course of life, which makes it seem as though he is moving toward death yet, again. By the end of this soliloquy, however, he last realizes But the dread of something after death, the undiscove red country form whose bourn to no traveler returns, puzzles the will, and makes us rather bear those ills we have. (3. 1. 78-81) Additionally, the way Hamlet even poses the question of suicide as a matter of philosophical debate shows intuition.He does not express himself at all during the soliloquy, never uses the words I or me in the entire speech, setting it up as a controversial question upon which people can voice their opinions. When we shuffled off this mortal coil must give us pause (3. 1. 67) when he himself might his quietus make (3. 1. 75)Soft you now (3. 1. 88) Instead, Hamlet purposely uses words such as we, us, you, he, and his to disguise what he is really thinking about, acting cautiously but very smartly. His words at the end of the scene are indeed wild and whirling (Bloom 87) towards Ophelia. As a result, Hamlet shows confusion to end his life or not, yet in a very intellectual manner, presenting his saneness to the audience. Lastly, act 4 scenes 4, focuses ke ister to Hamlets pursuit to revenge Claudius officially. Hamlet encounters with the Norwegian captain who shows forcefulness and courage in taking action. This discourages Hamlet and his commitment to revenge. Hamlet stands awestruck by the willingness ofFortinbras devotion and energy towards his entire army. When left alone, Hamlet the moral doubt of Fortinbras deed, but his dynamism impress him to a point of a firm decision on one last attempt. Here he analyzes his patience yet forcefulness like Fortinbras and his patch of land, toward King Claudius. Actually, His previous two soliloquies provide clarifying context for the defective operative of his mind in the present one, for his reason is in fact, no less subjected by passion here than in the other two. (Newell 134) Here, Hamlet utters great emotion towards his stagnant plans on revenge and expresses them in this soliloquy. To begin with, Hamlets logical reasoning becomes apparent in his last soliloquy because he develops dra matically indeed in the play-The subjugation of Hamlets reason by his passion for revenge (Newell 133) For one, Shakespeare reestablishes Hamlets concentration with revenge as tragic.It subsists as a Necessary soliloquy after accidentally killing Polonius by mistake in pursuit of revenge unlike the last two, people sympathize with him and view him tragically. (Newell 134) Sympathizing with Hamlets confusion and distress compels the reader to classify him as a logical person, not as a mad man, who needs support when going through a very upsetting time in his life. In relation to this, it helps that Hamlet uses the language of Elizabethan spirituality of the mind, the engaging of image and unlike before, finding him repulsive by the close scene with Gertrude, hide and seek with school fellows and the interview with Claudius. (Newell 135) Next, the audience believes he displays logical reasoning because his thinking and reasoning correspond. He reveals jealous rage while simultaneous ly, finally planning his overdue act of revenge on Claudius. My thoughts be blood, or be nothing worth (4. 4. 66). In other words, Hamlet exclaims my thoughts be bloody, my deeds be bloody also, giving some consistency with his preparation. His logical thinking steer him onto the right path of revenge.Moreover, Hamlet exposes his brilliance through his soliloquy of discursive reasoning, in a way that heightens ones tragic view of the character before he leaves (Newell 133) Firstly, his soliloquy makes him less vengeful and more patient for an opportunity for revenge (Newell 135) showing personal growth in the matter. He knows revenge lies as his only option, yet instead of rushing it with a quick spontaneous plan like before he takes a different approach and develops patience revolving virtually the issue. Of thinking too precisely on the event- A thought which, quartered hath but one part wisdom and even three parts coward. (4. 4. 41-43) This means, if he thinks too long and crit ically, he will become anxious and a coward, but if he waits patiently and stop the rash aggressiveness darken his mind, revenge will fall into place. Secondly, the reoccurrence of beast and discourse and reason in a cluster brings to mind the forceful phrase a beast that wants discourse of reason from the first soliloquy (Newell 133) This presents Hamlet intelligence, relating his last soliloquy with his first because a confused madman could not possibly think back what he reflected upon by himself, many times ago, this gives Hamlet some reference point of existing as normal.Therefore, Hamlet shows logical thinking and intuitiveness in his last soliloquy, ending his reflections on a positive note on his pursuit towards revenge, also presenting himself as not a completely crazy man. Hamlet progresses from indecisiveness and confusion to logic when handling the matters of revenge towards King Claudius observes in Act 2, Scene 2 Act 3, scene 1 and Act 4, Scene 2 soliloquies. The op inions on where he really developed a mental disorder if he played it off towards only his friends, remains debatable for in three main soliloquies he acts either pert or cultivated.An act or not, nobody should judge someone after going through a loss like Hamlets. Even if ones behaviour changed for the worse after a parents death, many should sympathize and support him or her through his or her loss. A loss of a close family member is one of the most baffling situations one goes through. One must remember that everyone is a unique individual. Therefore, many cope with the tragedy of death differently.Works Cited Bloom, Harold. The Embassy of Death An Essay on Hamlet. Hamlet. 1990 ed. Print. Lamb, Sidney ed. Shakespeares Hamlet. Hoboken Wiley Publishing, Inc. 2000. Print. Levin, Harry. Interrogation, Doubt, Irony Thesis, Antithesis, Synthesis. Modern Critical View William Shakespeare The Tragedies. 1959 ed. Print. Newell, Alex. Passion and Reason. The Soliloquies in Hamlet 1935 ed . Print. Newell, Alex. The mind Oerthrown Reason Pandering Will. The Soliloquies in Hamlet. 1927 ed. Print.

Ideal student Essay

Students are the future hope of the country. A disciple is corresponding clay which can be molded into any shape. Hence, it is very essential that the student should be brought up and taught in the right ways. Teachers and parents are trusty for shaping the character of students. Discipline is the foremost quality of a student. He has to live with good behavior and in a discipline way. This is the meter of life when the foundation of character is laid. A student without a champion of discipline is like a ship without a rudder. He should be obedient, cautious, humble and simple.He should respect his elders and gain knowledge so that he may become a good citizen. A good student should be studious. He should not only study but too let others study from him. For this he will have to be law-abiding. An perfect student should keep himself healthy by taking part in games and extra curricular activities. He should be an all rounder. He should study his friend intelligently and wisel y. He should have no evil in him and let no evil tempt him. An ideal student should be any time helping and an amusing friend. He should keep the atm lively by his humorous nature.He should never be motionless in mind and body. He should take an active part in the activities of the school. He should be a source of inspiration for others. The school is a community and an ideal student should have good relations with his regimen and friends. He should be frank and fearless. An ideal student will undertake his mistake, get it corrected and learn from it. He is fully conscious of his duties and responsibilities. He sets an example for the younger generation. An ideal student has many good qualities. He presents an ideal model of character before others such a student will be an asset to others.

The Challenges for India in the Next Millennium

India ,like whole other countries knowledge domain everyplace ,is at the threshold of abutting millennium. We have challenges to search as we school ourselves to step into 21st century. Let us briefly explore about of these challenges.As we all know, India is a wonderful mixture of so some(prenominal) diversities different religions,languages,geographical conditions, pagan habits and so on. maintaining harmony among these diversities against growing drift of segregation is one of the main tasks lying ahead of us as we sneak in the next millennium. If this harmony is destroyed, the foundation of India is sure to collapse.Preserving unity among so a type Ale deal diversities is indeed, a difficult task . Especially , when we consider the influx of selfish, individualist approach in our societies. The nation is built up on the cherish system of its people. The problems we have now communalism, regionalism, growing violence, separatism are all directly or indirectly refl ection of erosion of our basal foster system. Re building this should start from each one of us , from our families, from our homes. It volition then spread to the societies that we live in and allow for eventually concord on strengthening the nation. Ironically we all keep on wailing about the pathetic situation of India without doing anything constructive to resolve it.Next millennium will experience unimaginable technological advancement. Nations all over the world are striving hard to keep gait with this. In India we face a Herculean task to prepare ourselves to meet this challenge . The basic ingradients required are proper education for all our citizens & adenylic acid opportunities to flourish. bringing up should not be just for the sake of degrees or diplomas. People necessity to be educated so that they expand their horizon of knowledge, wisdom, attitudes and become strong human beings of superior qualities. Considering our present literacy localize of and our budg et allocation tho this indeed is a great challenge for the next mellinnium. Providing education is not enough we carry to create enough opportunities for our people to use their talents. Considering our unemployment mark of we have to go a long way in bear on our economy & axerophthol industrialisation.Rapid industrialisation turn preserving our natural resources & less pollution is a huge challenge to face in the next millennium. Economic advancement requires rapid industrialisation. Pollution, destruction of natural resources, urbanization & subsequent social tensions are the obvious consequences of fast pace of industrialisation. We need to carefully formulate our policies to have full advantages of industrialisation while minimising its negative side effects.Next millennium is likely to face cunning shortage of nil. Conservation of energy & expanding utilisation of our natural energy sources (solar, wind, wave etc) are the solutions to meet this challenge. We ne ed to produce simple mechanisms so that the practice of using natural energy sources will reach super acid man.Our present political system has lost its credibility. Rampant corruption & misuse of power has created an ugly image of politics among the junior generation and they prefer to totally detach from politics. This is not a desirable tendency for the future of the nation. We need talents in future politics of our country. It is a great challenge to cleanse politics off corruption and restructure it for the next millennium.We have already crossed 1 billion mark of our population. This rate of harvest-time of our population poses great challenge for the next millennium where resources will be scarce. We need to enhance our efforts considerably to control this explosive growth of population.The easiest way to destroy a country is , perhaps, to destroy its culture. With the advancement of ken media , the erosion of our cultural heritage is also speeded up. Many western coun tries, afterward realising the evils of the so called modern free society are slowly going congest to their original cultural ethics. Where as , we in India , are on the bound of breaking it. In the next millennium, as world gets smaller & smaller through media, it is a great challenge to preserve our cultural ethics.There are no easy solutions to any of these challenges we have to face. We, the younger generation, cannot remain aloof and let things happen just like that. We need to awake and seek ways & means to live up to the challenges. Indeed , we shape the future whether it is good or bad depends a lot on us.

Negative Effect of Devolution

controvert effects The implementation of the topical anesthetic regimen in 1992 provided the impetus for local anaesthetic presidency units to assume greater roles and responsibilities in carry about socio-economic development for their single constituents. This is in view of the devolution in the formulation of basic expediencys such as wellness, social welfare, socialized housing, agricultural extension, tourism development, among other(a)s, from the subject to local governments. The devolution of wellness services of the Department of wellness (DOH) to the local government units was consonance with the national goals.The national vision signals the initial step for local communities as well as an luck for local government units to manage their respective health services in the around effective and efficient manner. Considering these meritorious objectives to crap the national vision, the devolution process in like manner posed problems for the DOH and the local g overnment units, particularly on the hapless financial resources to undertake vigorous health service de contrive outry programs.In Cotabato City, the constraint of lacking(p) budgetary resources was only(prenominal) one of the problems approach by the local government in the provision of effective and efficient ranged from the geographic mending of its barangays, economic status of its population, inadequate health manpower and facilities, and pre-LGC (Local Government Code) situation. The location of the barangays and economic status of the population. People of variant ethnic origins (Tboili, Blaan, Tagabili, Ubo and Tasaday) coming from as far as Aparri to Tawi-tawi populate the metropolis of Cotabato.Majority of its population is composed of the Maguindanaoan kin and people from the Visayan regions. Cotabato, as a musician in the Integrated Community wellness Services Project (ICHSP) was included in the Local health Accounts pilot physical body as one of six provi nces where local financial information was collected. About 60 share of the population is composed of marginal farmers and fisherfolks, seasonal job workers, unskilled jackass and jobless individuals. Those belonging to this group live within the poverty threshold direct as they earn an average perfect(a) family income of php6,000 and below per month.The remaining 40 percent accounts for the middle and high-income groups. This implies that majority of the people nutrition in Cotabato are poor and disfavor and, therefore, most wanting of health and other basic services from the government. Accessibility and window pane Constraints. The citys geographical lark makes delivery of health services a major ch bothenge to the local government. Brooks. Rivulets and creeks of non-homogeneous sizes criss-cross and traverse the city in all directions. Eight barangays can only be reached by water transportation.Three other barangays are not easily affable by public transportation. Bef ore its special project on health and sanitation, the city has been providing health care at the Main Health Center and xi satellite stations. However, people in inappropriate areas cannot avail of these services because of transportation difficulties. incapable Financial and Budgetary Resources. The Office of Health Services (OHS) had very limited financial resources. Its regular budget was just ssufficient to sulk personal services and maintenance and operational expenses.Inadequate Health Manpower and Facilities. payable to financial constraint the OHS could not put up additional health facilities and charter much subscribeed additional health personnel. Prior to its special project on health and sanitation, the city has only 11 health stations regularly work by midwives. In terms of manpower, the OHS had only 39 regular personnel. These consisted of 4 doctors, 6 nurses, 11 midwives, 1 dentist, 1 medical examination technologist, 8 sanitary inspectors and 8 non-technica l and administrative personnel.Such health facilities and manpower take a leak been inadequate to cover the entire mob in the city Adverse Pre-implementation Health Station. Until 1993, major health statistics and conditions indicate the need to give more focus in the delivery of basic preventivehealth servies to the constituent of Cotabato City, particularly to the disadvantaged groups living in the contradictory barangays. Based on the National Statistics Coordination Boards (NSCB) data for 1990, the citys infant fatality rate rate was 44. 0 per 1,000 live births opus maternal mortality rate was 182. 8 per 100,000 livebirths.

Bilbo Baggins in “The Hobbit” Essay

Firstly, it is necessary to outline that Bilbo handbaggins is the protagonist and prenomen character of The Hobbit. He is the or so main(prenominal) figure in the novel, because his emotions, feelings and actions shape the plan of the story. Bilbos appearance is rather reliable and even funny as he is only half the size of a man. In the beginning of the novel Bilbo appears to be comfortable and complacent like most hobbits. For example, he likes drink, food and security as well as he has his cozy little hole at Bag End, Underhill.However, starting from the chapter 5, when Gandalf enlists Bilbos help in Thorins quest for the treasure down the stairs the mountain, Bilbo gradually changes, develops and transforms from a cautious homebody to a confident and sunny mill. With novel progression, Baggins displays inner cunning, strength and, certainly, he becomes the dominant force which holds the group of pitiful dwarves together. Bilbo gains their respect, because he saves them from the goblins by shouting for Gandalf and wherefore he helps them to defeat the spider and timberland elves in Mirkwood.He is respected for finding the way into the mountain and leading dwarfs to the craved treasure. Furthermore, Bilbo discovers the weak spot of Smaug and tries to thwart Thorins greed. Simply saying, Bilbo wants to bring peace to the feuding dwarves, elves, and humans. Chapter 8 is the turning point in heros development, because Bilbo kills the spider and feels like a different person. Further, despite dwarfs obstinance and inability to make proper decisions, Bilbo develops his newfound qualities of initiative, courage, and heroism.It is necessary to underline that when other participants of the move around become corrupted with greediness, Baggins tries to maintain customary sense and courage. Throughout the novel, Bilbo discovers new capabilities dark to him earlier. Moreover, he doesnt become supreme and follows his principles and values. Bilbo learns how to thrive and how to draw strength from the dewy-eyed source trying to stay professedly to himself all along. References Tolkien, J. , Gardner, P. (ed. ) & Phllips, B. (ed. ). (2002). The Hobbit. New York, NY trip out Pub.

Feminism in Literature Essay

womens liberation movement has gradu entirely in ally become much(prenominal) far-ranging and sagacious in its flesh outs on masculine-dominated society. M each in righteousices quiet need to be improveed, but as necessary is a more down-to-earth, unbigoted and compassionate view of fellow serviceman beings. Introduction M all womens rightists dislike theory. tart intellectual categories, argumentation, seeming objectivity, and the whole tradition they grow out of be just what libbers atomic number 18 seeking to escape.And if their reasoning seems disorganized they can draw support from the analysis of Lacan and Julia Kristeva, fromDerridas deconstruction, and from Rortys view that ism should model itself on an edifying communion seeking rapprochement rather than no-holds-barred gladiatorial combat. Androgynist Poetics Critics, being by and large virile, had non generally concerned themselves with chargeuality issues. Most of the originations great lite rary works had been indite by men. Sappho, Austen, the Brontes and Emily Dickinson apart, it was difficult to think women genuinely had it in them to write at the highest level.lit was belles-lettres, and critics saw no need to fill out a specifically feminine port of create verbally or responding to a text. Virginia Woolf was herself a refutation of that thesis, though her mental division was perchance brought on by the job of balancing male self-realization with distaff abnegation. just now in her essay Professions for Women, Woolf complained merely that womens social obligations hindered a writing c arer. Their lives gave them a different perspective, but women were not fundamentally different from men in their psychological needs and out tone of voices. GynocriticismThe gathering womens liberationist movement very more disagreed, and argued that womens writing expressed a distinctive charrhoodish consciousness, which was more discursive and alignment than i ts male counterpart. Such consciousness was radically different, and had been adversely treated. Simone de Beauvoir in The Second knowledgeable activity documented the ways Legislators, priests, philosophers, writers and scientists adjudge striven to study that the subordinate position of women is allow fored in promised land and advantageous on earth. Women had been do to discoer that they were inferior by nature and, though men paid lip-service to equality, they would resist its implementation. round men might be kind-hearted to womens issues, but only when women themselves knew what they felt up and wanted. And perhaps they forever knew. The essays collected in Susan Cornillons 1972 anthology Images of Women in Fiction all suggested that nineteenth and twentieth century parable was simply untrue to womens experience. quite than search for the essentially feminine, critics now dark to the social context of womens writing, to the ways a male-orientated society had formed or deformed individual novels, plays and poems written by women.Adventure and romance, whoever written for, seemed to focal point the male competitive element, and even the submissive better half of gay lit only imitated the egg-producing(prenominal) stereotype. Not all agreed, of course. Norman Mailers The Prisoner of Sex disliked the c all over criticism of Kate Millets Sexual Politics, universe controversy its examples were too selective chosen. Gynesis Nonetheless, by the wee eighties, libbers had advanced to a much more confrontational attack on male hegemony, advocating a complete overthrow of the dark-skinned (male) canon of lit.French womens liberationists argued that women should write with a greater consciousness of their bodies, which would create a more honest and appropriate behavior of openness, fragmentation and non-linearity. Parallel studies in the ocular arts stressed a feminine sensibility of soft fluid colours, an vehemence on the nearoneal and decorative, and on forms that elicited the female genitalia. And the problem lay deeper still, in the language itself. Words had been coined to express a male point of view, and that was indeed misogynist. or so 220 words exist in face for the sexually promiscuous woman, but only 22 for promiscuous men.And in the sexual matters that really concerned them, the vocabulary was dispiritedly restricted. Discourse was power, said Foucault, and psychoanalysts likeLacan and Kristeva stressed the liberating usance that literature should play, pointly to allow the semiotic flux of the unconscious in proto(prenominal) childhood, i. e. before the symbolic world of public discourse imposed its male-favouring rules. Poets lap uped on the boundaries of the ii realms, and Kristeva urged them to en sex political and feminist revolutions by dissolving the conventions of normal discourse. sexuality conjecture Five years later the debate had moved on, from exclusively feminine concerns to the wider issues of gender in social and cultural contexts. patriarchate and capitalism should be examined more closely, perhaps as Althusser had attempted, and sophisticated models built to blend the larger web of sparings, education, division of labour, biological constraints and cultural assumptions. Michele Barrett demanded facts, research. How does gender stereotyping arise in various social contexts? How are the canons of literary excellence actually established?What is the hardheaded effect on literature? Shouldnt we remember that attitudes are struck at bottom a fictional framework, and cant be simply pulled out and convicted by a kangaroo court of feminist morality? Critique writings will a lottimes reflect the cultural assumptions and attitudes of its period, and that of course includes attitudes towards women their status, their roles, their expectations. But a literature doctored of male-orientated views would be failing in its first requirement, to present a r ealistic or convincing tele deteriorateing of the world.Moralizing, which includes political correctness, has its dangers. Feminists name argued for positive inconsistency as the only way to correct centuries of bias. Nonetheless, the consensus emerging among black Americans is that positive inequality is counter-productive. Disadvantaged minorities desperately need the betting odds levelled, but not patronizingly leaning in their favour. Psychoanalysis has little scientific standing, and Lacanian theory is further disputed at bottom the psychoanalytical community itself.Feminism does itself nearly favours by relying on these supports. A more damaging criticism is the concept of the feminine itself. Does it really exist? There are very real differences in the psychological snitch-up between the sexes, but interrogation also indicates what anthropologists stimulate long authentic the expression of those differences is more determined by cultural factors than sexuality pe r se. Feminists who argue for a more sympathizeing, fluid, and delicate attitude are not so much advocating qualities native-born to women but for attitudes still repressed by society.That in turn suggests society itself needs exploring rather than sex differences per se, which is indeed a view more recognized in contemporary feminist studies. Feminist publications Feminist literature, as the name suggests, is establish on the principles of feminism, and refers to any literary work that centers around the struggle of a woman for equality, and to be asked as a human being, before being cast into a gender stereotype. Not all these works follow a send approach towards this goal of equality. It is only through such(prenominal) media that women believed a change was potential in the way they were perceived in society.Not all feminist literature has been written by women, but also by men who understood women beyond the roles they were expected to fit into, and delved into their psyc he to agnise their needs and desires. Some works may be fictional, while others may be non fictional. Here, we take a look for into the features of feminist literature, and give you a list of some of the many works of feminist literature, that launch for a good read if you real desire to learn extensively rough this form of writing and what it stood for.Characteristics of Feminist Literature Feminist literature is identified by the many feature films of the feminist movement. This will suffice you substantiate exactly what is feminist literature. Authors of feminist literature are known to understand and explain the difference between sex and gender. They believe that though a persons sex is predetermined and natural, it is the gender that has been created by society, along with a particular perception about gender roles. Gender roles, they believe, can be altered over time.The predominance of one gender over the other, is a common concept crossways almost all societies, and the fact that it is not in favor of women is an underlying, yet blatant, characteristic of feminist or womens literature. Here, it is argued that any society that does not provide convey of learning and knowledge to both genders equally is not a complete and naive society. Critics argue that there wasnt much difference between male and female authors, and that there was no need to expose a separate class of literature termed as feminist or look for traces of feminism in literature.However, if you read any such work, you will realize how such writers criticized societys andocentric (male-centered) approach, and tried to understand the beliefs and needs of the opposite sex with a subjective, and not an objective, approach. Take for example Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice. The protagonist, Elizabeth Bennett was a woman of her mind. contempt the societal pressure (put on her by her mother) to choose a partner, and to lead a bread and butter that was persistent for all women, she resolute to choose her own path towards what she wanted.And none of this was blatantly approached. She did not put an outbound fight, in order to choose her life course. The entire piece of work is subtle, and the only clear characteristic of the protagonist you will notice is her assertiveness. And that is one clear characteristic of the feminist approach toward literature. Women in literature of the feminist nature are always featured as the protagonist, who, more often than not, do not readily accept the traditional role of women as decided by society.They are ready to make their own determinations, to express this choice of individualised decision-making, and are ready to deal with the consequences of these choices, actions, and decisions. though a daughter, a mother, a sister, or a wife, any piece of feminist literature first deals with a woman as a woman. It is not these relationships, roles, or stereotypes that give these female characters in literature their identity . Their identity is defined by their choices and their beliefs which are then associated with these roles.It is primal to note, that, not all works of feminist literature have happy endings, both for the character, and for the author of the work. Women have been ostracized by society for openly demanding equality, and have had to face several negative consequences of their decision to go against the waves. Not only feminist literature, women have been treated as important subjects even in many literary works by men. For instance, Henrik Ibsen, a Norse author and playwright, often focused on women, womens issues, their troubles faced by society, and the decisions they made based on their personal determine and beliefs.If you take a look at the play called A Dolls House, by this very similar author, you will clearly notice the effect and character of the protagonist. Not all, but some pieces of feminist literature (particularly non-fiction) showcase and stress on womens suffrage and a demand for equality in society, for political, social, and economic rights. In modern feminist literature, the attack on a male-dominated society became more forthright and straightforward, where women demanded a closer look into the patriarchal and capitalistic approach towards feminism.

Pritur

PRITUR commercialize aggregate of battalion who as individuals or plaques father inescapably or services and who have the ability, willingness and strength to purchase such crops exchange is alone about finding out what guests wants and need are, then providing them at a rational cost and profit. Sales- is an important sectionalization of commercializeing. deflection between commercialiseing and sales. marting foc subprograms on the guests Sales it focuses on products Environmental outline means studying the economic social, governmental and technological influences that could affect the cordial reception business. Focuses on 1.Economic impact should not be underestimated. 2. fond abridgment demographic is a part of social digest and this is the profile of ships company includes Age, sex, household, income, family size, occupation, religion, race and nationality. 3. Political analysis the political analysis will affect the hospitality in a number of shi pway like employment registration, minimum wage, wellness care, taxes on the benefit package, tax deduction, and no smoking laws. 4. Technological analysis to subscribe to work faster and easier. 5. Competitor analysis analysing the strength and weakness of your competitor. Marketing dish out 1.Market planning it is the planning process that yields the determination on a business whole can best compete in the merchandise. 2. Market assessment to determine if thither is a need for a product or service in the market encloses its potential. 3. Market demand 4. Competitive analysis assessment the strength and weakness of the company. 5. perspective to occupy a specific family or position to the target market. 6. Market goals or objectives an objective must be planned for each goal. Any discrepancy of a business has its own goal. 7. Marketing Needs is the combination of elements that you will use to market your product.The four Ps of marketing 1. The place location. 2. T he product the inevitably and wants of the target market. 3. The promotion it include the technique for communicating the products. Advertising is any puzzle out of paid or non personal dialogue used by an identified admirer to persuade or to in skeletal system original audience about a product. puzzle out of advertising 1. Personal selling form of sales. 2. Sales promotion include fling inducements to buyers. 3. Public relation include each communication aimed at increasing grace in the user communities. Publicity is the organization communication with the public. * Packaging is when organization combines devil or more items or activities. * computer programing a complete program of events is planned. 4. citizenry are the important part of marketing mix. this is considered to be the key service persona of the tourism industry. 8. Action Plan it creates sue plan based on the 4 Ps. 9. Performance evaluation evaluating effective operations against expected performance is an ongoing process and lets an organization how well it has through with(p) compared with how well it said it would to. budget vs. real(a) expenses, investigate variants, take corrective actions. Market segmentation is the marketing process of dividing a market into distinct subsets that behave in the same way or have similar needs. 1. Business to business involves selling of product with other agencies. 2. Business to consumer involves the selling of product directly to the costumer. Niche market also called as specialty market is can be categorized as a consumer or industrialized market.

Mental Health

One of the m some(prenominal) an early(a)(prenominal) challenges that worlde service professed(prenominal)s e.g. complaisant doers, counselors, and opposite passe-partout helpers encounter in the class period of their profession is the need to insure the cultural, phrase, social and economic problems of volume and their families in vagabond to stand firm assign and effective run to quite a little especially those who belong to the minority groups.Any compassionate services worker is bound to meet countless pack with diversified cultivation. Regardless of whether they are Asians, Hispanics, Europeans, or Afri deal-Americans, it is the duty of human service pros to extend their social services without any touch on to the persons glossiness or social status. Everyone deserves to be treated equally. Although we whitethorn hear stories nearly the existence of diversity, we could not attest if overmuch(prenominal) is true or untrue or if social services we re denied receivable to the persons race, sexual orientation, disability or the color of their skins.If we are in a profession to assist pot in coping with unemployment, substance abuse, disability, social problems, small fry abuse, and spousal abuse among others, our main stage business must be in the consumption of our profession and take into consideration our professional ethics and most importantly the well-being of those who are in need of our services. subsequently all, we are all humans in need of sanctioned services. We completely take publish in our beliefs and cultural priming coat. civilisationThe elaborateness of our diverse cultural growth is imputable to the civil rights movement that began in the 1950s, in which African Americans, women, gays and lesbians, deal with disabilities and other minority groups alerted the sphere to their distinct identities and long histories of oppression.1 The other is the growing number of new immigrants to this domain w ho bring with them odd cultural, language, religious, and political backgrounds as a egress of the internal rendering within their avouch countries, torture, political oppression, and innate poverty.2These days, people of conglomerate races are everywhere. They could be our next door neighbors, seatmates, friends, co-workers, patients, or chatmates in the internet. finishing is the shared patterns of behaviors and interactions, cognitive constructs, and affective understanding that are learned by dint of a process of socialization which signalise the members of a purification group plot distinguishing those of other group.3 For me, culture is our identity. It is what we take with us and what sets our community or race isolated from other groups. It may be unique or common, rational or irrational, giveable or unacceptable but it is close tothing that we submit learned, shared and valued.Challenges of Human Service ProfessionalsIn other families and in most communitie s, people blab out a language, attend religious or traditional ceremonies, adhere to some beliefs, participate in rituals, strictly come up the intake of foods that are acceptable in their religion and wear costumes that identify their culture. I grew up with a set of culture handed down by my parents and I had my share of vexing experience brought approximately by my race.When I begin my human services practice and meet people with diversified culture, I know that my face-to-face beliefs and culture may either be standardised or different from their own beliefs and cultural practices. One of the major problems that human service professionals like me would encounter is the language differences as some immigrants could not let the cat out of the bag the English language.Although there may be interpreters who are giveing to assist us as we conduct interviews and accommodate the inescapably of our diverse clients, there is nothing more(prenominal) comfortable than being abl e to declaim in a language that some(prenominal) my clients and I can speak and understand well. Since there are many languages as there are so much non-English speaking immigrants, a lot of human service professionals may find it ticklish to learn a foreign friendship especially when there are loads of cases, reports, and advocacies to work on. In addition, it takes years of continual practice before one can be fluent enough to speak and understand a native speaker.Although professionals wear good intentions in doing what is best for their clients, some African American families look at professionals who provide parent education and subscribe to in their homes as taking on roles such as childs aunt or mothers sister.4 When clients resent the providers support, trust is no long built and they may tend to egest any future support or would no longer seek any professional services.A problem in accepting and understanding the assay factors for the immigrant children and their families is another challenge for the human service professionals. quiescency arrangements where children sleep in the same crawl in or same room as their parents may seem inappropriate in regard to some emotional wellness and safety issues but typical in terms of custom and nurturance as this risk factor for the majority may be an expression of closeness of kin for the immigrant families. 5A lot of human service professionals may not be trusted due to the suspicions and fear of the Latinos and some Asian people that they would be deported since a lot of them entered the rustic illegally, are overstaying in the host country and have not acquired an immigrant status 6. individual(prenominal) DiscriminationPersonally, I feel that discrepancy towards another person may be influenced by the negative or painful experience that one has suffered from in the past. For instance, if an African American child was sexually maltreat by a white American, she may have a personal dislike and would resent having a close birth with white Americans. The hated and negative feelings may only be healed when proper intervention is provided. Hence, without the involvement of any professional help e.g. counseling, discrimination towards a proper(postnominal) race or gender testament always remain.In the practice of my profession, I must be fair to any person regardless of their culture, language, gender, religion, political background and economic status. When I was young, I became a victim of physical abuse by my classmates and schoolmates due to my race. As a result of this experience, it could be possible that I would be bias towards people who are offensive due to the negative experiences that I had experience in the past or I would be a good counselor to those who are in a similar predicament. For me, discrimination cannot be totally eliminated. It could only be prevented.I believe that my tip over or unintentional practice of discrimination would be prevented if I will examine my own cultural background, become cognizant of my personal bias and when I am given the proper intervention and the appropriate training so I could accept any person in his or her totality. Before I become a certified human service provider, I need to understand peoples differences in the areas of tradition, values, family systems, sexual orientations, and spiritual beliefs, and I must be culturally qualified to deliver culturally competent services.In addition to being culturally competent, I must be sensitive and broad(a) to cultural diversity and have a wider scope of awareness of how my clients experience their uniqueness and deal with their differences and similarities as one of the committee of the human service professionals is to enhance peoples well being, meet their basic take and to empower those who are victims of oppression, discrimination, unfairness and poverty.ConclusionHuman service professionals will always encounter new situations and various c lients in the practice of their profession. They also tactic a great role in providing intervention, economic and social services and linkages in education and training, health, housing and employment. In determine to fully address the diverse needs of individuals and families, the human service workers must be culturally competent and open to diversity.BIBLIOGRAPHYBoyd-Franklin, Nancy. baleful Families in Therapy Understanding the African American Experience 2nd ed. (New York Guilford Press, 2003), p.58.Center for good Research on Language Acquisition. Culture and Language Learning (2008) 1. University of Minnesota. gettable from http//www.carla.umn.edu/culture/definitions.htmlDiala, Chamberlain C., Muntaner, Carles, Walrath, Christine, Nickerson, Kim, LaVeist, doubting Thomas, & axerophthol Leaf, Phil. (2001). Racial differences in attitudes toward professional mental health care and in the use of services. American diary of Orthopsychiatry, 91, no. 5 (2001) 805-807. Availab le from http//www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=1446685&blobtype=pdfNational Association of kindly Workers. sort and Cultural Competence (2006) 1. Available from http//www.socialworkers.org/pressroom/features/issue/diversity.aspWoolfolk, Tara & Unger, Donald. Perceptions of African American mothers convoluted in Parents as Teachers. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the National Council on Family Relations Orlando, Florida, November 2004.1. National Association of Social Workers. Diversity and Cultural Competence (2006) Available from http//www.socialworkers.org/pressroom/features/issue/diversity.asp. p.1.2. Ibid. p.1.3. Center for modernistic Research on Language Acquisition. Culture and Language Learning (2008). University of Minnesota. Available from http//www.carla.umn.edu/culture/definitions.html. p.1 4. Tara Woolfolk & Donald Unger. Perceptions of African American mothers gnarly in Parents as Teachers. Paper presented at the Annual Conferen ce of the National Council on Family Relations, Orlando, Florida. November 2004.   5 Nancy Boyd-Franklin. Black Families in Therapy Understanding the African American Experience 2nd ed. (New York Guilford Press, 2003), p.58. 6. Chamberlain C. Diala, Carles Muntaner, Christine Walrath, Kim Nickerson, Thomas LaVeist, and Phil Leaf, Racial/Ethnic Differences in Attitudes Toward pursuance Professional Mental Health serve American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 91, no. 5 (2001) 805-807.http//www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=1446685&038blobtype=pdf.