Social-economical Trends in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social-economical Trends in China - Essay ExampleOpening a unfermented branch in China is the phraseology that is mostly utilized to explain the whole process of bringing a new product or services to the new marketplace China. Opening a new branch is to establish the new entity in the new market. A new product is an entity in the market which is the effect of the modernism or in making any extra features to the product. It is the product that engages of a total market by replacing or adapting divers(a) alterations in the product. The new branch is extremely new to the customers. So that branch should develop various alternatives to attract more customers. New Brach Development Phases consists of allied steps They areThe Idea Generation is the new developing ideas that are been in the person minds. It takes a significant place in the unbuttoneding a new branch in China. The idea generated is put across in the conference, which is considered for the discussion on the assailable of the feasibility and the compatibility of the topic. The idea generated here is to open a new branch is to increase the overall advantageousness of the company.The Idea Screening is the effect subsequent to the brainstorming ideas of the various delegates present in the conference. All the ideas relating to open a new branch in China is to be screened and select most suitable idea. around of the ideas are on the basis of the social, economic, and technological environment of the China.Business Analysis is very significant as it includes the analysis of the marketing conditions and the trends along by way of the viability of the new products in the new market.

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 43

Ethics - Essay ExampleThe movie is based on the life of individuals who spend and see to it in rented offices and use their ways or illumining wealthy raft into investing in their ideas and in the long-run leave they stripped of their hard earned money. These individuals will go miles to prove even to the old people living their pensions on how they raise invest on the stock market only to realize that they bewildered everything they had saved their whole life.Normative ethics seeks to investigate the given set of questions which may come up when evaluating how and why one might opt to act to react or speak morally. It is known to be distinct fromthe others like Meta ethic since it tries to understand the standards set and believed to be undecomposedeous and the wrong way of taking actions (Kimpel, 52). Seth (Ribisi) ignores this ethic when lies to his family about attending college while in real sense he has been operating(a) a casino in his own apartment which his father dis approves staunchly disapproves.According to Seth, he is full convinced that he is doing what is right since he makes wads of cash from single legal proceeding which if he didnt have, he wouldnt be living a posh life as he does from the minor upkeep funds his father gave him. In an aim to please his father who is never proud of the give-and-take he has become, he breaths the wind from the famous Long Island which is a New York stocks company which has the rumor that it can turn anyone from a zero to a hero million as long as the psyche can drive to work their minds off.Applied ethics is phrased as the most humbled field of philosophical ethics that seek to be boost normative theories in specific cases to help individuals in differentiating what is right from wrong(Kimpel, 48). It covers thorny factors especially those in businesses that affect the mode of transacting and how the operations flow. Throw out the film, Seth has been conducting transactions and wooing individuals whic h he so

Analysis and Meaning of Dante Gabriel Rossettis The Bocca Baciata Essay

Analysis and Meaning of Dante Gabriel Rossettis The Bocca Baciata - shew ExampleBocca Baciata quarter be said to the beginning of Rossettis shift in terms of trend and medium in his paintings that after became the signature of his tend. Bocca Baciata puted Rossettis beginning of painting singular feminine figures that evoke seduction and earthly pleasure. According to a fellow cofounder of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood William The painting, just deal Rossettis previous painting bore inscription that wrote Bocca baciata non perde ventura, anzi rinnova come fa la luna. The mouth that has been kissed does not drop its savour, indeed it renews itself just as the moon does2 II. Evolution of Dante Gabriel Rossetti as an Artist To fully understand, appreciate and line the meaning of Bocca Baciata on how it relate to Rossetti, it would be necessary to understand Rossetti as an artisan to contextualize the meaning of the Bocca Baciata and fully understand the painting in the proce ss. Rossetti as an artist did not employ a single writing in his work although the nature of his subjects primarily centred on women. His subject (the female) and how they were depicted evolved and it served as a mark on Rossettis growth and maturity as an artist and this has a significance in judgment Rossettis final paintings (Bocca Baciata was angiotensin-converting enzyme of them) that became the signature of Rossettis work. ... hift of style is significant because Rossetti was not only one of the most accomplished artists during his time but also cofounded the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood which was a movement towards a particular painting style of stressing the importance of nature3. Bearing in mind Rossettis involvement with the Pre-Raphaelite movement is important because Rossettis by and by works that include the Bocca Baciata was still assessed under the standard of the nice style of the brotherhood of whom he cofounded even when he attempted to depart from it. This res ulted to the harsh criticism of his later works that led mankindy critique of the Victorian painting to judge that the best of Rossettis works were those whom he had painted earlier. a. The first phase (from 1848 to 1853) The female has always been a central subject among Dante Gabriel Rossettis work. This was already evident from his very first public artwork which was The Girlhood of bloody shame sodding(a). What differed from Rossettis later work such as the Bocca Baciata is not how the subject changed but rather, on how the rendering of the subject shifted. Bocca Baciata can be said to be similar with Rossettis first major work The Girlhood of Mary Virgin in many aspect although not necessarily on how the women were depicted. Bocca Baciata was Rossettis first work that marked his shift in terms of rendering the female while The Girlhood of Mary Virgin was Rossettis first work that made him prominent in having the female as subjects. Rossetti as an artist during the first evolu tion of his works can be likened to the growth of a boy to a man where the perspective about the female change as the boy grows to puberty and become a man. In The Girlhood of Mary Virgin, Rossettis boyish and impressionable nature was

Research Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Research Proposal - Essay ExampleFor instance, IBM is availing opportunities to enable managers to obtain necessary skills as well as an orientation for coping with the varied culture (Okoro, 2013). According to Kawar (2012), fluff-cultural colloquy foundation be defined as the study of how mess of different cultural background tail assembly communicate with each in relation to same or different topics. Kawar (2012) also, addresses that today cross-cultural chat is essential for international business due to the development of global business, internet and technology (Kawar, 2012).Okoro (2013), also addresses that cross cultural communication is essential in international business for conducting the different needs of IBM effectively with the intent of advanced technologies and internet. Through the cross-cultural communication, managers at IBM Limited can communicate with the people belonging from different cultures. In addition, it can effectively gain insight into the dif ferent operations that needs to be undertaken for conducting in(predicate) international business (Okoro, 2013). According to Guang & Trotter (2012), for the enhancement of successful international business, there should be collaborationism between various departments at Coal India Limited and the cross-cultural communication. However, Guang & Trotter (2012), in his article does not cover what types of problem a manager can face in the process of communicating with people of foreign countries while travelling abroad for the first time. Therefore, there should be further research think to the selected topic to mitigate the number of gaps. These gaps should be identified to develop potential solutions through which the problem can be solved (Guang & Trotter, 2012).On the other hand, Matthews & Thakkar (2012) comments, there should be effective communication among the managers and juniors employees to reduce the organisational problem and chances of grapevine in communication could be reduced largely.

Adeptia Case Study Write-up Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Adeptia Case Study Write-up - Essay ExampleIdentifying an suppress mart segment for a start up intersection is crucial to any business organization. so of the various target market strategies such as single segment schema, selective specialization, yield specialization, market specialization, and full market coverage the select specialization strategy would be the most appropriate strategy for Adeptia for positioning and marketing its product since it aspires to promote its product as a niche product and likewise has the required specialization to cater to different market segments by tailoring its product accordingly.Product set is one of the most significant strategic issues since it helps in accurately positioning the product. In my opinion, Adeptias product was aptly priced but could have been more flexible, considering the product is in the growth stage. The product pricing in any case depends largely on various factors such as the companys pricing objective which may in clude maximizing current profits, maximizing current revenue, maximizing product quantity, increasing profit margin, attaining part leadership, aiming for partial cost recovery, or survival. Adeptia, already had a good quality product which met the customer requirements and wherefore the factors that were considered in developing its pricing model, in my opinion, would be aiming for partial cost recovery and survival, since it was an entry aim product.Adeptias sales process has certain flaws and hence isnt too effective. Initially the product was proposed to be sold through cold calling with a view to build a pipeline and a few junior sales representatives were hired for the purpose. Although the newly hired personnel had initial sales experience, the product that was proposed to be marketed required high technical expertise rather than just selling experience, which was completely lacking. The sales

Capstone Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Capstone Paper - try ExampleThe economical transcription is a well-structured forum through which a press out apportions its resources to all separate of the country for the well-being of its people. On the other hand, the governmental system is a legal institution that is establish to govern a state. Currently, every other country in the world has its own semipolitical and economic system. However, all these systems are structured towards the well being of their citizens. Therefore, good governance is influenced by the good political system, the same case with strong economic systems. This paper will focus on comparing the political and economic systems of USA to that of China and South Africa.Political systems In most cases, a political system of any society is structured in a constitution. Unites States of America constitution has been in existence since 1789, two hundred years down the line. It is known to be the most stable of all constitutions in the world since it has been amend for only 27 times. It divides the government into three independent bodies which are the legislative, executive and judiciary. The legislative power is manifested by the congress that comprises of 100 senates and 435 members of the house representatives. The congress is a law making body, as well as, the state finance managing body. The senate serves for six years while the house representative serves for two years. The president of the United States of America, his transgression president and the ministers forms the executive arm of government.

Does gender bias and glass ceiling limitations still exist in Fire and Research Paper

Does gender solidus and shabu ceiling limitations still exist in energise and Police depart ments - Research Paper ExampleIn the political realm, the term grouch ceiling was coined to disclose the invisible barriers that prevented women from achieving their goals in the workplace and from attaining senior positions. In the United States fire and police departments, the glass was patent in the past, a factor that associated the departments with men exclusively (Kornblut, 2011). However, the 21st century had brought about multiple changes that capture promoted equality in the workplace, allowing women to rise to top leadership positions and venture into careers reserved for men previously. This look for reputation will investigate whether women still face barriers associated with gender in the fire and police departments. Introduction In order to determine whether women in the police and fire and police departments have broken the glass ceiling, this look will focus on analy zing the living original and secondary sources that describe the level of gender submit in the two departments. The extensive literature review will adopt a case mull over format regarding the fire department. The special focus on the Florida and Kenosha fire departments will provide a observance of the effect of the glass ceiling and its extent in the recent past. The case studies will analyze the findings of primary researches on the issue. Concerning the police department, an extensive literature review will help in analyzing whether gender bias is still in existence. All the sources for use in this research will be subject to a critical appraisal to determine their reliability. The appraisal of the sources will consider the methodologies used, the target populations, and the analysis of the findings. Only the roughly appropriate sources will be used in this research. The search terms will include the glass ceiling , gender biases, police, and fire departments Only recent a rticles will be considered as reliable sources for this research seeks to analyze the extent of the problem according to the most current sources. Research Does Gender Bias cost in the Fire Department Case studies of Florida and Kenosha Fire Departments The fire department remained a masculine transaction for many years, with only white men pursuing careers in this profession. All through the 1800s, the field exhibited only male, white recruits (Bureau of National Affairs, 2002). Only in the 1920s did the department recruit blackened males. There is an existing complexity between gender and race, and this highlight of the time taken in the department to include men serves to reflect the resistance that existed towards recruiting women (Denis, 2003). After recruiting black males into the fire department, a half a century lapse before the department hired the first females in the 1970-1980s. The hiring of the initial lot of black women served as a platform for women gaining entry into the male dominated field. This was considered as the first step towards breaking the existing glass ceiling that has barred women from venturing into this career. Evidently, in the 1990s, experts thought that it was time for the complete breaking of the glass ceiling because thousands of women secured places in the fire department (Weaver, 2006). It is worth noting that the Los Angeles fire department has an outstanding history of having hired the first black in male 1892, indicating its willingness to embrace racial diversity. The effect of the glass ceil

ECO 5 CA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ECO 5 CA - rise Example(Koutsoyannis, 192-199)First degree worth discrimination- This incorporates negotiation between the individual customers and the seller for selling distributively unit of output at its corresponding prices, such that the monopolist can receive entire consumers surplus.So long as the price, discriminating manages to reap part of the consumers surplus his total revenue impart be at the peak level, even if sells the quantity at the intersection point of MC hoist with the MR curve.2) Firms that practice price discrimination decide to waken that price for which the marginal cost is equal to the marginal revenue. Corresponding to that point of equality, we leave alone get another point on the average revenue curve, which will tell us the price that the firm should charge to maximize its profits. Firms can also charge price based on the elasticity of demand. This implies an important fact that a monopolist will always lease in the elastic region of the demand curve.A monopolist will not be equal to operate in the inelastic region of the demand curve because he will be getting negative marginal revenue, which is not at all desirable hence, he will operate yet in the elastic region. If he operates in two markets where the elasticity is higher on one and unhorse on the other then he will charge a high price in the high elasticity market than in the low elasticity market. Producers can also decide their price strategies based on the marginal cost pricing approach. This means that if the producer operates in two markets and if he finds that the marginal cost of production if higher in the first market then in the wink market then he will produce less in the first market and charge a high price in that market but in the second market he will produce more and charge a lower price thereby maximizing his profits. (Price Discrimination).The introduction differentiation based on the gender for the

Family Counseling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Family Counseling - demonstrate ExampleOne of the main reasons for the conflict within the family is the leadership. During the early dot of the family, the p bents be the leaders and the children are the followers. As the children grow older, they begin to develop their own personality which includes liberty and responsibility specifically in the decision making process. One mannequin of conflict is when the children al mobile have their own work. In this stage the parents face difficulties in letting the children go and make their own life decisions (Worden, 2002, p.97 Goldenberg and Goldenberg, 2008, p. 4). Clear communication and spirit is chief(prenominal) between the parents and the children at this stage to resolve conflict at an early stage. II. Rigid and spread emerge Boundaries Rigid and voiced boundaries are concepts apply to describe the organization of a family. Rigid boundaries within a family shadow result to disengagement due to the fact that members do n ot feel the connection with from each one another(prenominal). Each member is living their daily activities isolated and independent from the other members of the family. On the other hand, diffuse boundaries elbow room that there are vague or unclear boundaries between the family members. This results to enmeshment or over-involvement of the family members to each others lives. In our family for example, it is in our culture and traditions to have a close family ties. There are substantiative and negative consequences to this interaction within the family. One positive consequence is that all(prenominal) member has a ready support system in case of problems. On the other hand, the over-involvement of the family members can result to conflicts due to hindered independence of each member specifically in the decision making process (Goldenberg and Goldenberg, 2008, p. 467). III. Pretend Techniques and Family Metaphors Pretend techniques are paradoxical interventions based on play and fantasy. This is undertaken through the process of pretending symptoms. Another concept is the family metaphors which are used in different types of family therapy techniques, one of which is the narrative therapy. Narrative metaphor is any intellection used in therapy which is maintained through stories that are related to the life and knowledge of a person rough himself or herself. Long-standing metaphor systems are used to initiate a holistic change in the family which means different aspects such as language and interpretation of experiences can also be influenced (Goldenberg and Goldenberg, 2008, p. 365 470). These adaptations are important in the current therapeutic era since one of the most important concerns within the family is the complexity of the way of life of life in the society wherein the whole family has to adapt. They can only achieve the proper adaptation skills when every member is working together. On a personal view, I would feel comfortable using the i dea in therapy with clients since it encompasses the different aspects of the family which is important since conflicts and problems that are needed to be resolved cannot be isolated or separated from the other issues within the family. IV. Haleys Case Haleys belief is common in the family. The example given which is that the mother becomes ill and cannot be left alone when the adolescent daughter wants to go out for the evening can be considered as a manipulative act on the part of the parent. This can only occur when there is lack of communication between the parents and the children. The said scenario can be considered as a last resort for the parent maybe due to prior events when the adolescent daughter did not follow her parents command and still went out without permission. Based on personal observations, another example is

International Business - Meli Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

International Business - Meli - stress ExampleThe firm has also focused immensely on the differentiation strategy. This has enabled it to increase its perceived look on among its loyal customers. This is through offering superior services. This has made the customers to be exiting to pay a insurance premium for the new services to be offered. Lastly, the company has integrated the value chain through offering door-to-door services. Therefore, it can capitalize on these strategies in order to increase its competitive advantage in the mart (Hamermes & Yong, 2012).Meli has performed effectively specially with the limits on the routes that its vessels can cover. The competitors have a wider range of route and vessels with high capacities. Therefore, when lay these constrains into consideration, the firm can be said to have performed above average (Hamermes & Yong, 2012).I would recommend that Tim admire the decision to acquire Teeh-Sah Holdings. This is because the new strategies will open up new routes for the company. In addition, the firm will acquire more assets and human resources that have an experience in different markets across the world especially in the trans-pacific route. This will strengthen the companys position through reducing the risks and uncertainties associated with concentrating on few markets (Hamermes & Yong,

Maritime Law in Relation to Time Charter Hire Essay

Mari quantify Law in Relation to succession Charter Hire - analyse ExampleThis is followed by definition of maritime lawfulness and providing a brief explanation to help sympathize the concept at hand. After looking at maritime law, the context then analyzes the two statements, identifying the better(p) statement that suites maritime law as far as Time Charter Hire is concerned. The statements ar I have come to the conclusion that hire must be treated in the like way as freight, and that to do so is not an extension of the established exception. It is only in comparatively modern times that the word hire has been used. It was formerly known as time freight or time- demanded freight. Indeed, in ocean insurance terminology, freight still includes hire.(The Satya Kamal 1975 2 Lloyds Rep 188, per Donaldson J.) Freight is collectible for carrying a quantity of cargo from one place to another. Hire is payable for the right to use a watercraft for a specified period of time, irres pective of whether the packer chooses to use it for carrying cargo or lays it up, out of use. Every time charter contains clauses which are quite inappropriate to a voyage charter, such as the off-hire clause and the insularism clause. So different are the two concepts that I do not think the law as to freight female genitalia be applied indiscriminately to hire. (Lord Denning MR in The Nanfri 1978 QB 927.) Relationship surrounded by Maritime Law and Time Charter Hire Maritime law is a body of laws, treaties and conventions that presides over international confidential business or other matters engrossing ships, shipping or offenses taking place on open water2. Laws between countries controlling things like national versus international waters are regarded as public international law and are well identified as the Law of the Seas. Through these waters is where the business of time charter hire occurs where an individual can hire a vessel and use to transport cargos from one li mited port to another. Maritime law, which is also termed as admiralty law, is one of the most developed and oldest types of law. It covers all the laws that rules over contract, tort, ships, marine business, shipping, and employee recompense assertions that take place on the navigable waters of the world. The law is helpful in ascertain the amount of freight to be issued to the vessel owner when used by a voyage charterer. Subjects of maritime law can encompass towage, pull through, maritime liens, marinas, maritime contracts, and maritime damages. This means that both voyage charter and time charter are covered by these law thus, enhancing contracts made between charterers and owners. Despite the point that the subjects under the umbrella of maritime laws are many, on that point are numerous of them that are pretty interesting. For instance, there are rules that preside over what takes place when an individual finds property that had wooly-minded. Under international rules, i f possession is lost on the water and found by another individual, the finder can assert a salvage present for recovered possession. As a result, if a ship is destructed and loses cargo during an awful ocean storm, the retriever can ask the shipping company to disburse them money for any of the cargo they recover. Note that this takes place subsequently the vessel owner and the charterer have settled the issue of freight or hire. Therefore, if the vessel gets involved in lose of possession, the owner is not involved at all. The case now remains between the charterer and the retriever. In most cases, the salvage

Wal Mart Marketing Audit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Wal Mart Marketing Audit - Essay ExampleMarket of a company means the correspond and future customers of its goods and services. Wal-Marts grocery indicates its actual and potential buyers. Apart from United States of America, Wal-Mart commercialize is gradually expanding in some former(a) regions of the world such as, UK, China, USA, Maldives, Nepal, Bhutan and Russia etc. Wal-Mart has a favorable stock- market in some regions by means of which the company avails the advantage of selling out their shares at the largely increased rate. Some stockholders contribute professionally-managed funds that widely help in buying and selling great numbers of shares for pension plans, unions, and other large groups. Others are individuals who are saving for their retirements, childrens college funds or other needs. In both cases, the goal is to buy the shares when the stock is low and sell is high. Neil Currie and Svetlana Sukhanova states that Wal-Mart may follow its noncurrent practice of using a joint venture or acquisition to enter the market (Ermakova, 2008).From a minute analysis of above data, it is clear that MOSCOW is the most profitable area of Wal-Mart in the present context as well as of future. Wal-Mart is expecting that the future profit will be doubled in MOSCOW. MOSCOW- Wal-Mart Stores Inc., the worlds largest retailer, may expand into Russia within the next two years to capitalize on a lubber economy and a dearth of competitors may be taken place (Ermakova, 2008).1.2. CustomersCustomers are the most significant fraction of a company. A company has to study its customer markets very closely. There are 5 types of customer markets such as, Consumer markets, Business markets, Reseller markets, Government market, International markets. All of those markets want to satisfy themselves by certified goods and services at a reasonable price .Every customers resources are limited and in order to lend maximum

2010 Mid-term elections Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

2010 Mid- elections - Term Paper ExampleIn this geomorphological context, mid-term elections can also change the dynamics of Congressional support enjoyed by a professorship for his or her legislative agenda. In 2010, the mid-term elections were a referendum on President Obamas policies during the first two years of his administration. rest for re-election on the Presidents response to the economic problems of 2008-9, including the Wall St. Bailout, the economic stimulus package, health tutelage reform, and the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, the Democrats lost control of the House of Representatives nationally and saw their majority in the Senate eroded by Republican gains. No third-party candidates made an impact in the 2010 mid-term elections however the election did feature the participation of the tea leaf Party as symbolic of voter frustration over taxation and corruption in Washington.To ingeminate the electoral trends in the 2010 mid-term elections, the election can be ge neralized as representing popular opposition to President Obamas management of the White House both from the Left and Right. On the Left, generally representing the socially progressive, activist wing of the Democratic party, third-party leaning voters, and independents who organized and voted for Obama in 2008, there was a general sense of humiliation in the first two years of the administration. Many from Obamas own party developed doubts close to his leadership. Many of the objections were related to the policies of Rahm Emanuel, Obamas Chief of Staff, who largely governed in a manner consistent with the Clinton administration, scarce which illustrated Emanuels own close contacts with the banking sector. Popular association of the Obama administration favoring banking interests over real or coarse people was established in the Wall St. Bailout response, which essentially gave trillions of dollars from the public treasury to the richest

Dq Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dq - Essay Exampler intersection point differentiation) where the selling strategy is to distinguish their product from competing products or services on the basis of workmanship and design.In an oligopoly setting there a some sellers that sell a differentiated or standardized product where the decision of competitors affects the sale of a firm. Therefore, firms assure the strategies of competitors to determine its output and price (McConnell 2005 p.177).A start up company can expect realize when the business is able to cover the expenses including the start up costs. The sale of products should earn enough revenue to consider ongoing expenses associated with the operation of the business. A start up business entrepreneur must realize that a product sales amounting to $10,000 will not cover a monthly overhead expenses of $10,000 because the sales returns has a gross profit of only around $4000. A business reaches break even point when the sales revenue is equal to all business costs. The break even point can be work out by identifying the fixed costs and variable costs. Fixed costs are expenses which do not intensify with changes in the volume of sales. For example, administrative salaries and rent remains the same and are expenses that must be met regularly irrespective of the volume of sales. These are usually known as overhead costs. Variable costs waffle with changes in the volume of sales. Variable expenses like shipping, purchasing inventory and manufacturing costs of a product has to be met for a start up company to make profit.Market structure and the distribution of income raise concerns close the formation of monopoly power where increased concentration of control moves into the hands of few monopolistic firms. Monopoly leads to decreased arguing among firms and inefficient distribution of resources in the economy. Monopoly has an impact on the distribution of income. Research indicates that monopoly power reduces the income share of worke rs when compared to capitalists,

International service2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International service2 - Assignment ExampleCredit ratings play a wakeless role in a reduction of the information asymmetry. Such information concerning the value of securities or bonds is oft a subject to distortion and bias, scarcely the rating portfolio chips in to alleviate the crises.The information provided for a ac book of factsed bond or security influences the intensity of participation of its sales and value in the financial markets. For a borrower to qualify in the stage of borrowing, the lender has to reconsider a variety of factors, one of which is credit rating. one-third parties also utilize the same analysis to establish the confidence of the bond progress.Primarily, credit ratings are real essential in reducing such information gap. One has to spot a critical leaving amid a real borrower and a risk borrower. In this way, credit ratings will come put across in hand with their in-depth information. The information is independent and not subject to bias. Private investors may not asseverate in close useful trend with the companies that issue the security. Therefore, it is important for an intermediary to come in between the companies giving their results in terms of ratings. The ratings will not only aid in investment portfolios but also in transparency and disclosure of appropriate bonds purchase in the coming days.Most significantly, credit rating process utilizes the entire firms financial data, financial trends, accounting information and other charters to come up with a conclusive information of rating the firm. The evaluation process is rigorous and consumes much(prenominal) time. Those analyzing the data always strike a clear balance in the assessment tools to ensure that at that place is no one firm that is disadvantaged. The information is also withheld d and not disclosed to other warring firms, hence high level of confidentiality. With the rigorous process utilized in data collection, analysis and last(a) verification, the

Implementing an ADR Process Essay Example for Free

Implementing an ADR Process establishAn Alternative gainsay Resolution (ADR) is a voluntary procedure where parties come to an agreement to substance abuse in conjunction with a formal process of administration, to resolve and settle disagreements or battles in a break away environment (Ann and Jay, 2002). There exist a number of objectives that lead to the use of an ADR processes in an organization. The Alternative Dispute Resolution processes should perform the following factions among other(a)s.It should resolve or reduce a number of issues in a struggle, be accessible, use the available resources efficiently, resolve disputes and disagreements as early as they occur, produce effective, lawful and pleasant outcomes to the involved parties and enhance the parties satisfaction (Cavel and Vondra, 1994). Types of ADR processes Mediation is a type of neutrally facilitated negotiation. It is a process where the parties to the dispute drive a mutually subscribe toable and independent thirdly party called the mediator, to assist them in arriving at an loveable solution to their conflict or dispute (Cavel and Vondra, 1994).The mediator enables parties to appraise their own cases with him in confidence, the factors like pedigree relationships, commercial pressures, and reputation issues can be taken into account to necessary extent. Also, the procedure is flexible to character the parties and the dispute. Mediation is also quick, consequently cheap and entirely hole-and-corner(a). However, Mediation is not suitable where the parties in a dispute require a tourist court judgment (John and Steven, 2003).Conciliation is a process where the conciliator index express an opinion on the advantages of a dispute and will recommend a resolution to that dispute if he is not able persuade the parties to create their own solution (Ann and Jay, 2002). It is often preferred to intermediation if the parties want the benefit of a conciliators intervention and as sistance in the given confidential form provided. Neutral or expert evaluation Here the parties aggrieved accuse an acceptable and neutral third party to two of them to evaluate their dispute and deduce an opinion on its outcome (Ann and Martin, 2002).They whitethorn need for an evaluation of their positions as a matter of law liability. Adjudication is non-housing grant whereby it is a process in which the parties appoint a neutral expert in the subject in disagreement to decide the dispute (Cavel and Vondra, 1994). The adjudicators finis may be binding in the end of a temporary effect or informatory depending on the parties terms of reference availed to him. Implementation of an ADR processes The carrying out of an ADR process may face a constituent of barriers.For instance, the commission may reject it. This may arise where the management do not belief in simple methods of conflict resolution or where they belief Court judgment. Also, another barrier could be misinformati on or inadequacy of commitment. Some employees or managers may present the truth about then ADR process as incorrect or as a bad method thereby creating some for of rejection by the other people within an organization (Cavel and Vondra, 1994).The management may also pose a big challenge if it will decline to provide the required leadership in the process of implementing the ADR process. This is where the leading parties may not be willing to play a lead role in its implementation. Another challenge that may be realized is the lack of any form of commitment by the implementing group or lack of a proper legislation for its implementation. Some people on the other slew my go to court to acquire an injunction over the use of this process in an organization.While on the other hand the law firm workforce may fear the possible consequences of adapting ADR process subjecting it to criticism (John and Steven, 2003). Therefore, to overcome these challenges, virtuoso needs to have a number o f methods. For instance, the person implementing an ADR Process should improve the communication to the rest of the employees and the management in general. Effective communication ensures that the process shall be thoroughly explained and illustrated while giving the advantages of accepting its use in the organization if implemented (Steven and Graham, 1993).Also, it is necessary that the concerned parties should hold a meeting for brainstorming and abridgment of the strengths of the proposed ADR Process and its implementation. Involving the all affected stakeholders in implementation process ensures that the stakeholders own the process by their brisk contribution and fight, thus presumable to result less resistance. Moreover, this will ensure that the persons concerned are well informed and are part of the process thereby reducing the chances of rejection and other barriers to its implementation.Another way of overcoming the implementation of an ADR Process is by adopting g ood leadership behavior by the leading persons in the organization. In this regard, a hands-off leadership style which is closely related to laissez-faire is appropriate leadership behavior whereby the happen managerial carder provides no or little direction and gives workforce as much freedom in the implementation process (Donald, 2004, p. 216). The authority is given to the staff enabling them to make decisions, determine goals, and resolve problems on their own.However, the management should lead by supporting the implementation of the ADR Process and also provide relevant advice as to the advantages and disadvantages of using the process in the organization in resolving disputes and not imposing the process. Also, an appropriate advice should be given in relation to the legal processes and other court related problems like delays which are likely to drag the resolution of a dispute that would be resolved in a matter of days or hours between the parties.In addition, the cost th at is involved in the legal process is higher that that use in the ADR Process. This should discourage the aggrieved parties from taking the case to the courts. The ADR Process figure may be accepted by the management if the definition of the intermediaries like the conciliators, mediators among others is well done and identified. The management might also accept the plan if legality part of the intermediaries is well done especially in adjudication where the experts are involved in the dispute resolution (Ann and Martin, 2002 John and Steven, 2003).This mainly because of the associated advantages of using an AR process like satisfactory results, more flexibility, participation and control, better case understanding, management improvement and reduction of hostility (Cavel and Vondra, 1994). The management is also likely to accept the ADR Process plan if the cost is conspicuously advantageous in adopting the ADR Process and if it proofs that by adopting it, the parting are likely t o resolve their disputes amicably are return to their normal way of working because as an organization, it is solo fare that the employees are working with harmony and agreement.In conclusion, it is clear that an ADR Process is good for an organization if it is implemented and well used. As much as there are challenges that are associated with its implementation, it is proper that it is well explained both to the management and the rest of the employees so as to embrace its merits and foster a sense of collective acceptableness thereby reducing the chances of its rejection.

Federalism Essay Example for Free

Federalism Essay delinquent to the immense bureau of our federal establishment, people often argue that it is too powerful and should be lessened. Since the 1990s in that respect has been an effort to shift power from the federal political sympathies to the states. States rights keep back been an issue since our commonwealth was firstborn founded, and even now we cant seem to please every adepts requests at equal power. This country was founded with the attempt to separate the federal government and the state government, fill outn as federalism. The goal of federalism is to divide the power of state and federal governments, protect the rights of the state (through the 10th amendment), prevent tyranny of the majority, and have a government that is close to its people. An example of federalism would be the free behaviors. They argon owned and operated by the states, but the federal government sets smoothen some basic guidelines that all states must follow and also provides funding. Federalism has trusted advantages to it such as, state governments have the freedom to adopt policies which may non be followed nationally or by any other state.For example, same-sex marriages are non recognized by the federal government but they are given good status within the states of Connecticut, Iowa, Vermont, etc. This is an advantage because this gives the state some freedom from the national government. If the federal government controlled every little thing that the state governments do then the states would riot out on certain polices that they do not believe in. Another advantage is division of sound mingled with the central and the regional governments leads to optimum utilization of resources.The central government can concentrate more on international affairs and defense of the country art object the provincial government can cater to the local anesthetic needs. If the national government was trying to handle everything states would get pushed to th e side as less important. State governments know what the state needs more than the federal government. Also, people that are elected into the state government are able to get to know the people on a more psycheal level that in the federal government. However, at that place are also disadvantages to federalism as well.An example would be that federalism does not eliminate poverty. pull down in stark naked York, there are poor neighborhoods like Harlem with a majority of black population. The curtilage for this may be that during policy framing, it is the intellectuals and not the masses who are invited by the local government. These intellectuals may not understand the local needs properly and thus, policies might not yield good results. Sometimes there can be overlapping of work and subsequent confusion regarding who is responsible for what.For example, when hurricane Katrina hit Greater New Orleans, in 2005, there was delay in the rescue work as there was confusion between th e state governments and the federal government on who is responsible for which disaster management work. This resulted in the loss of many lives. I do believe people should have to work or get an education while receiving benefits. Nobody should get to get a free ride through life Nobody pays my way through life. I have to work for what I get.That quote is the word of a twenty-two year-old female who holds down a full-time job, pays rent, and taxes. Some, like her, may feel contempt toward eudaimonia recipients who do not work for their benefits. The welfare constitution is a program for citizens who need assistance, but it should be considered a privilege, not a free ride. Everyone wants-or possesses to want-to end welfare as we know it, even though the welfare system is still thriving. The new program on the market, Workfare, is a reform tactic that will get recipients into the work force and eventually off benefits.Workfare is the promise to do unpaid work in return for welfa re. This obligation is in addition to the general obligation when on welfare to seek paid employment. If a person on social assistance is considered employable then participation is infallible. If not placed in one of the other programs such as employment support and employment placement, the person will be required to look for work and do community service. Along with what the government is already trying to do there should also be a program that teaches people responsibility.Since the welfare system is so often mistreat people using the system so know how to manage money, look for employment, etc. How do we attend to get people to stop abusing the system if we dont make them have to follow the rules? It should be if they dont go to monthly meetings and participate then they can be kicked off. However, if it is the elderly, or mentally ill (mentally ill as in cant function alone) then these terms shouldnt apply. There are always certain terms to which every policy should go by, but if the welfare system continues this way then it is deprivation to kill the country.There is not enough money going into it as there is being taken out of it. Federalism is a major part of our nation. It plays a spot in everything we do, and there are certain areas in the system that needs to be addressed such as welfare, abortion, gun control, etc. If these issues are not handled they could get very out of hand. Federalism is a separation of powers which is a good and sometimes bad thing. If federal and state governments could work together life for everyone would conscionable be so much easier.

Defining Personal Responsibility Essay Example for Free

define Personal Responsibility EssayAbstract Personal right is the picks and obligations we fix in life. Everyone is obligated for their admit actions no one else. We all must birth strong source, honorable values and a healthy lifestyle in wander to accept person-to-person responsibility. Once we function up our good character and moral values to help us know what is right and wrong, it is up to us to be trustworthy and make the right decisions. Also promoting a healthy life style raise you ar responsible mentally, physically and emotionally. All in all, once we accept the fact that we argon the completely ones who can change our runs by making good choices, we have accepted personal responsibility Defining Personal Responsibility and Obligations to Oneself Personal Responsibility is trueizing that you are responsible for the choices and obligations you make in your life fit in to Dr. Dlugokinski, Accepting personal responsibility may be one of the keys to h appiness. It is our responsibility to make sure we have good character, moral values and a healthy life style, no matter who influences you or how you grew up. therefore and only then can you achieve this ultimate happiness. As we grow as people we separate many responsibilities passim our life and we will always experience difficult choices. As a responsible person, it is up to us to decide what is good or bad, right or wrong and to accept the consequences of our actions. just character refers to the many qualities that distinguish one individual from another. (Merriam-Webster). Everyone has character, it is just up to us to decide which characteristics are our strengths and which are our weaknesses.Having qualities such as being trustworthy or punctual are good characteristics in a person, which if used correctly will have good results to our actions. Where does personal responsibility fit in? Well we are responsible to choose which characteristics define us as a person. Makin g the choice to be punctual instead of late all the time shows that we are personally responsible around our good character. If we choose to be late instead of punctual, we are not accepting our personal responsibility that we must be punctual so we suffer from the consequences.Moral values are the values of good and evil, which help us make the right and wrong choices in life. We develop these moral values through step to the fore our life time and it is our personal responsibility to use them when making choices or obligations. Having moral values is distinguished in personal responsibility because the moral values you live by will help you furbish up whats right and whats wrong. Once weve determined whats right or wrong we use those values to help make sure we are doing the right thing which is the responsible way to do it.Finally, having a healthy life style is the most important key to personal responsibility. Everyone is responsible for how they live their lives but it is i mportant to make sure you are mentally, emotionally and physically stable in order to live a good life. We as people like to blame everyone else for our problems but the only real person to blame are ourselves. We ourselves are personally responsible for the way we live are lives no one else. If you dont live a healthy lifestyle it is your responsibility to change that or accept the burdens that come with not living a healthy life style.When you accept responsibility, you admit you are the one responsible for the choices made in your life. We, no other person or thing, are responsible for what we choose and think. It is our life, and we are the only ones responsible for it. roman statesman Claudius Caecus paraphrased, Each man the architect of his own fate. Meaning we are responsible for our lives will turn out, no one else. Once we decide what we unavoidableness in life and take responsibility for it, we have accepted personally responsibility. References character. (n. d. ).Me rriam-Websters Medical Dictionary. Retrieved October 10, 2011, from Dictionary. com website http//dictionary. reference. com/browse/character * I used this reference from the dictionary to give my readers a better understanding to what character means. I also wanted to explain that it is good character that is needed in a persons personality that will help them achieve personal responsibility. People must avoid victimization mindset. (1995, whitethorn 24). Journal Record, pp. NOPGCIT.Retrieved from http//search. proquest. com/docview/259366813?accountid=35812 * Dr. Eric Dlugokinski, psychologist and professor at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, says accepting your own responsibility requires determination, commitment and a recognition of reality. Dlugokinski said, If you dont know where your responsibilities start and stop, you continue blaming others and stay in an emotional rut forever. Defining personal responsibility, in many cases, requires soul-searching. Re sponsibility. (2007). Bloomsbury Business Library U. S. Business Quotations, 133. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.* The article presents quotes related to responsibility from U. S. journalist Ambrose Bierce, Roman statesman Claudius Caecus and British poet Richard Aldington. This specific quote was delivered by the Romas statesman Clausius Caecus (fl. 300 b. c. ). It was quoted in De Civitate (Sallust), sect. 1. This quote was hone on concluding how I feel about personal responsibility. He says we are the arichetect of our own fate. He is saying that we decide how our lifes will turn out, no one else and that is accepting personal responsibility. It is a quote that sums up my whole paper in a single phrase.I have found out that it was quite difficult to find resources on the University Library for my essay. The library offers amazing resources for research but not much for personal essays. I did however manage to find a few quotes that fit dead in my essay. My first reference is not fro m the library, it is an internet resource from a authorized dictionary. This site is produce so it is stating that it is reliable. The two sources given from the library are reviewed and published which means they are very reliable sources. I believe these resources strengthen my essay because it gives my reader a factual understanding.

Some wonderfull events in my life Essay Example for Free

Some wonderfull events in my life EssayEverybody in the world is pass from different and divers(a) events during his/her lives. I also observed and pass through the many events from my childhood up to present now. As I grow up I perceives knowledge form the education, nature, and so on He enjoys events or occasion, makes friends, etc. Friends are very important in ones life because friends are responsible to give shapes of ones life.I got a chance to live in a well-grounded life in a big urban center when my dad transferred to a city. I did my kinder garden in a small village of just 2000 existence of people. Mostly villages are not as developed as large cities. I was like a poor village boy at that time, but as my dad got job in city it also proved helpful to me because I got a chance to live like a contemporary boy. Therefore this event of make upting job led me to live in a bully life.When I was in Middle cultivate, I had a lot of friends in my school and near by my force field too, as I was very successful in making a bad friends rather than good friends. In other words I knowledgeable those activities, which parents want to keep away from their kids. I learned to smoke, started drinking alcohol, harassing daughters and started all those activities that were illegal at that time of my age. I did not study for my school and was helplessness in my subjects. However, I got rid of those bad friends as soon as I could, otherwise I do not think that I can be a good educated individual in the society with the company of those friends. Actually after entering in to a new community, I made very good contacts with very bad people. Therefore, this event of making friends proved to be unsuccessful or bad for me.My last event is love event, which I encountered when I was in High school that proves to be very important and helpful in my life until now. I liked one girl in my school. She was my missy for 2 long years. Those two years are considered among the best years of life. She is two years younger than me, but she was an A student and I was a B student. She is intelligent and eer helped me in my study matter. She advance me to get good grades in exam. She became very happy if I get good grades and we always had a party after each exam in any subjects. simply because of her help I reached up to college otherwise if she did not meet me in High school, Icould not even graduate from my High school.Everybody says that to have a girlfriend during college education is not a good thing, because if we have a girlfriend, we also need to spend time on them that cause an adverse kernel on education especially if anybody is in professional school. However, according to me, it is depends on a how a girlfriend is. If she understands the importance of education and life, she helps a boy in achieving success. I am doing BS in Biochemistry and volition going to transfer in Spring 2005. I can say that she was behind me to push me up to college, and even in future I need her to get my degree because she is the one who always encouraged me to do well. Therefore, this love event in my life proves to be very successful, and helpful in my life.

Critical Movie Review About Yoga Essay Example for Free

Critical Movie Review Ab give away Yoga Essay rarely do we shoot movies which tackle yoga as game but it was a welcome window in the 2000 movie The undermentioned Best Thing top billed by pop-icon turned actress Madonna. Director pot Schlesinger and Screenwriter Tom Ropelewski and the rest of the cast and crew were able to present that Yoga, being a plot in a movie, does not lack that dramatic necessity of conflict. Just try to figure out and visualize the conflict or struggle between muscles when youre trying to lift your foot behind your full stop in the eka pada sirasan or leg-head pose. Is it not the stuff of cinema? The power and effectiveness of Yoga was clearly manifested in The Next Best Thing where Madonna played a yoga teacher who has a baby with her gay beat out friend played superbly by Rupert Everett. Driving instructor Abbie (Madonna) has no problems getting her students to bend everywhere backwards and tie themselves into entangles for her. But in life she cant seem to find anyone to tie the knot with her. Robert (Everett), her outperform friend and confidant, is having equally dismal luck finding his Mr. Right.When Abbies relationship ended , she turned to transvestic Robert for comfort and advice. Under alcohol spirit they resulted into an unexpected tryst which made Abbie pregnant and decided to have the child. The two then committed to being good parents and created an unconventional but loving home for their precocious son, Sam (Stumpf). Now comes the yoga skills which Abbie used to remain celibate but she finally relented when she met Ben (Bratt). Roberts father image was menace with the romance between Abbie and Ben.This was followed by tensions specially when Abbie and Ben planned to marry each other. Thereafter the movie picture the family exploding over a heart-wrenching custody battle for Sam. Everett sparkles and Madonna oozes her usual cool in this drama/ harlequinade from the director Schlesinger. Madonna 2 Yoga Jour nal and USA Today have made much of the genuineness of the yoga scenes in the movie. Madonna, a student of ashtanga yoga, brought in her own teachers, Kimberly Flynn and Noah Williams, to be consultants on the film.They advised on decor, mob instruction, and fashion. This really is the first time yoga has been taken seriously on a film project, Flynn told USA Today. (qtd in Yoga at the Movies by Sherry Roberts). Yoga students can relate to scenes in the movie such as that of Benjamin Bratts first yoga part (he eventually becomes Madonnas fiance in the movie). Toned and muscular Bratt locomote over, peeks during chanting, and quickly realizes yoga brings a whole new dimension to being in shape. Perhaps the most remember scenes in the movie are seeing children practicing yoga Madonnas 7-year-old son (Malcolm Stumpf) leads a pretend yoga class with his friends in the backyard and later pulls up a mat and moves into the asanas (poses) right along with the adults in yoga class. (Rob erts) Aside from the merriment derived from the movie, presenting Yoga as the plot made the viewers really benefit from the true insights of the calming exercise with its physical, mental, emotional, and apparitional effects.The public was able to cultivate their own garden with Yoga by discovering the tools that can bring each of us in touch with our true nature through. In addition to greater strength, flexibility, and a re-sculpted body, Yoga is one of the best stress busters one can utilize. The movie is not only to the highest degree Yoga but also a story of love and family with all its fold, twist, and mutilation of those intertwining concepts. The characters find that inner peace is always susceptible to outside and conventional factors. What is good is that there is compromise.which is a big part of yoga. The movie may be more about yoga than it first appears but it is more important that in the end, the conflict was resolved in true yogistic fashion, by moving on. Mado nna 3 Works Cited Roberts, Sherry. Yoga at the Movies. 2001-2007. Yoga Bound for Yoga in the Movies. 5 declination 2007 http//www. yogabound. com/yoga/art_at_the_movies. htm. Schlesinger, John and Ropelewski, Tom. The Next Best Thing. 2000. 5 December 2007http//movies. go. com/the-next-best-thing/c790385/drama.

Literature Review of 14-19 Education Essay Example for Free

Literature enkindlevass of 14-19 teach method EssayAbstract This literature review comp atomic number 18s investigate conducted and articles written to the highest degree the development of 14-19 didactics and the changes it has gone through since 2002. It briefly startlines the initial implementation of 14-19 commandment during the Thatcher government before going on to concentrate on how the grok government introduced Diplomas and what the Coalition government are doing to push this ag force outa forward. It asks whether faculty member and vocational education can ever be valued equally and whether the introduction of 14 hearty class olds in further education establishments is successful or non. The majority of the literature was commissioned either by the government or conducted in 14-19 educational establishments. Similarities and comparisons mingled with the research are identified and interrogatorys are asked as to how successful it might be in the next. . History of 14-19 bringing up The idea of 14-19 education was introduced in 1983 by the Conservative government under its leader Margaret Thatcher. The first development was called the proficient and vocational Education world-class (TVEI), and was a pilot scheme was rolled out into schools and colleges in1988.The scheme was run by the Manpower run Commission (MSC,) which came under the Department of Employment not the Department of Education and Science. Jeremy Higham and David Yeomans point out in the capital of the United Kingdom fall over of Education (2011) that, from 1988 to 2002 14-19 vocational education was on simmer and it was not until 2002 under the impertinent Labour government that we saw re radicaled enthusiasm to for this area of education. The initiative came from the Curriculum 2000 Reform of hop on Qualifications.Between 2002 and 2010 the focus was nates on the progression of our new-fangled people and, inbredly, the future of our work force. The Labour government commissioned an independent enquiry by Mike Tomlinson in 2004 who proposed a new visual sense for 14-19 education, recommending the introduction of Diplomas. These would build on the strengths of the education organisation already in place. However the government jilted this and decided to keep GCSE and A levels that to offer diplomas as an alternative the initiative gained respect from schools, colleges and topical anaesthetic authorities.Diplomas were introduced in 2008 but incur not been successful in gaining credit in industry or education this has brought forward many issues relating to 14-19 education from teaching and discipline, funding, employer contributions and the integration of school age pupils in FE colleges. The current Coalition government commissioned Alison Wolf to review 14-19 education in 2011. Academic/Vocational Education and Funding A major divide in 14-19 education is attitudes towards academician and vocational teach.To apply equality and value to both sides of what is still an educational divide we strike to alter rules of orders thinking and social attitudes. The review of the 14-19 Green Paper by the Department for Education (2002) enjoins that, Pushing for resemblance of esteem in the current educational climate leads to academicising vocational subjects. It was felt by whatever that the vocational was being forced into the traditionalistic classroom-dominated achievement environment, rather than realistically accepting the different teaching and sound judgement demands of vocational courses. (DfES, 2002) Even though there are differences between the academic and vocational way of lifes, teaching and estimation methods devote to be different, can the value of learning and the qualification be equal? The DfES review does state that to make attitudinal changes requires substantial investment as hale as long term consultation and merchandising campaigns which they compare to the commitment to improvin g the long term plan of the National Health Service (NHS).Connexions consulted with learners in 2001 to gain their view on government papers entitled Green paper-Schools Building on Success, 2001 and blanched paper-Schools Achieving Success, 2001. The focus group of learners conducted by Connexions produced a positive response. Learners were enthusiastic nigh being asked to participate in the consultation and formulating opinions on education, they concluded that, the choice of core subjects was generally right.They wanted to maintain the entitlement to study a modern foreign language, design and technology, the arts and the humanities. The subjects, deemed essential for personal development for example citizenship (which is to be introduced as a statutory subject within the National Curriculum from September 2002), religious education, sex and well upness education, physical education, work related learning and careers education should all be domineering although not needs stu died to GCSE level if the young person does not want to. (Connexions, 2002)Regarding the discussion on the equality of academic and vocational training young people were of the opinion that, vocational pathways needed to be heavily publicize to young people themselves, employers and higher education institutions so that the pathways became quickly established to form part of the traditional pathways for entry to higher education. (Connexions, 2002) Comparing the dickens opinions, the DfES review of the 14-19 Green Paper by the Department for Education and the consultations conducted by Connexions both from 2002.The DfES wanted to take their time to arrest development of 14-19 education was much successful, but the learners wanted action to be quick, as they could see the benefit of changing views and progression. This showed that they want to progress and do eat up aspirations of Higher Education (HE). Tomlinsons (2004) VE proposal was not taken on board fully, sole(prenomi nal) in part with Diplomas being introduced as an alternative to GCSE and A Levels. Do we need a basal reform of 14-19 education as he suggested? To change deep rooted attitudes and opinions in society about academic and vocational education, maybe it is necessary.An article in the guardian stated prior to launch of the diplomas, We pay off never seen big new public qualifications arrive with so little input from people who go experience in qualifications and teaching. ( Meikle 2007) It would seem that the implementation of diplomas has been rushed therefore they have not achieved the status needed to change opinions. In response to Tomlinsons (2004) proposals for diplomas the Nuffield Review (2009) asks the question, who is responsible for the Vocational Training Education system?In the UK it is not clear, but does include a long list of people parents, students, the government, education and training providers and employers. Vocational courses have been seen to have less value than traditional educational routes with fewer opportunities to progress to HE and advanced qualifications but, as Alison Wolf (2011) points out, other countries have reformed their systems and sum upd number of students taking two and three stratum learning programmes.She states, Bringing vocational pathways into a single framework would give bollock equality of standing between, academic, vocational, and mixed pathways, recognise areas of overlap between them provide opportunities to combine, transfer, and progress between them and catch greater educational content within vocational programmes. It would make them easier for learners to identify progression routed to advanced level and beyond. (Wolf, 2011) Wolfe (2011) agrees with the views of Tomlinson (2004) over the integration of academic and vocational education.With this in mind, as well as the research from the DfES and Connexions I quoted earlier, I believe it is the roles and responsibilities that need definition, f rom the education and political establishments to all people regard as well as those undertaking the training. However, a structured achievement and progression route in VE is necessary to lock away employers and bring value to FE training and qualifications if we are to see equality between academic and vocational training. Wolf has recommended that the government extends funding up to the age of 24, as not all students will have achieved a Level 2/3 by the age of 19.To ensure students achieve their potential in Maths and side, extending funding was also proposed. Wolf criticised the funding structure at cave in, saying that it gave colleges the incentive to arrive at programmes for profit but not for the benefit of the students. She agreed with Fosters opinion in 2005, and The Nuffield Review 2009, that funding should follow the learner encouraging institutions to collaborate which would conflate education and provide the best educational programme for each individual student Policy levers, i.e. funding and performance measures, should focus on joint action rather than promote institutional competition (Nuffield, 2009) Funding used as a form _or_ system of government lever could achieve more integration of academic skills into vocational areas. learn and attainment and Inspection VE has been taught in FE colleges because they are equipped for vocational subjects. Schools have primarily chosen classroom based vocational subjects as they do not have the facilities to offer practical vocational learning, which defeats the object of VE.The giveing of new educational establishments currently planned to open between now and 2014 University Technical Colleges (2012) (UTC) will give VE an individuality of its own as well as integrate it with the national curriculum. Compulsory education to the age of 18 will be introduced from 2013 with more opportunity and choice being given to students to access VE making it more important than ever to progress 14-19 educ ation. Issues were raised during research by the Learning and Skills investigate Network (LSRN) who researched the aptitude of the teachers and their institutions to meet the needs of younger learners (Harkin, 2006).For example, the college environment could be overwhelming and frightening, in particular at lunchtimes. The research questioned who was responsible for the students, were they mature enough to be treated in an adult way? This identified conflicting views somewhat teachers thought they needed supervision all the time at college but others commented that colleges were not in awry(p) parentis, but still had a duty of care. They did, however say that college support in the classroom was essential to maintain the safety of the student as well as managing behaviour.In conclusion, it was identified that getting feedback from 14-16 yr old students about teaching and learning was difficult due to their unpredict mightiness and poor literacy skills. For example, discussion was ofttimes an alien concept for formulating and articulating their opinions and views, it is a more andragogical approach, one not used enough in a school environment for them to whole tone confident in expressing themselves. FE tutors need to have a clearer sagacity of how teaching is carried out in schools, as it probably follows a more pedagogical approach.To ensure that college tutors accommodate their teaching to the needs of younger student the TLRC said that, There is a particular need for pedagogical training, rather than training in behaviour management, and for staff to understand the prior attainment of the students (Harkin, 2006, p. 36) I feel that there is a need for behaviour management training during professional development as it accompaniment teaching and learning in the classroom.The Nuffield Review (2009) highlighted the importance of teachers being primordial to the planning of the curriculum for 14-19 year olds, Teaching quality and the relationship betw een teachers and learners is central to successful education. This requires a respect for the profession of teaching for the role of teachers as the custodians of what we value and as the experts in communicating that to the learners. Teachers should be central to curriculum development, not the deliverers of someone elses curriculum.(Nuffield, 2009) Tomlinson (2004) said that the quality of learning depends heavily on the quality of the teaching and that teachers would need time to develop their own skills in their subject area to keep up to date and inspired, especially in vocational teaching. Foster (2005) also said that, more emphasis was needed on modify professional knowledge and industry development and even suggested sabbatical and secondment opportunities between education and industry.This I feel is idealistic in todays economical climate but I have in recent years seen increased opportunities to update professional skills within my own teaching establishment. He also a sked that FE colleges improve employability and skills in their local area to abide to economic growth and social inclusion and offer a range of courses that have solid foundations. With these extra roles are FE colleges spread head themselves too thinly? FE colleges are like the middle child aiming to please both peremptory education and higher education as well as employers.How can they do this most efficaciously and gain respectability for the diversity they offer both in courses, abilities, social backgrounds and disabilities of their students? Foster 2005 compared the situation in this country to the one in America where they have no formal inspection process and colleges have a strong self-regulation policy. Giving responsibility and trust to our colleges would see the higher levels of achievement already intelligible in America. Assessment of institutions is an added stuff.Working in English education we have come to accept it, but is the English systems controlling, he avy- handed approach necessary? Foster compared Britain with its European neighbours and concluded that they had a much lighter touch. Such development here would give FE tutors more self-esteem, less pressure and more time to teach. Employer contribution FE has always had to promote and build strong relationships with industry and employers, including, keep apprenticeships and work experience, and forming partnerships with employers to develop qualifications and make them relevant to industry.The TLRP in 2006 concluded that, We need a sector-by sector abbreviation of the distinctive role apprenticeship can play in providing the knowledge and skills required in the contemporary economic and occupational context. Further and higher education, as well as employer bodies and trade unions, need to be involved in a forward-looking partnership that lifts the work-based route out if its social inclusion ghetto (The Teaching and Learning Research Programme 2006, p.40)In 2004, Foster comme nted that the LSC National Skill Survey of 2004, found that only 15%, of employers had made use of FE colleges when enquiring about training and skills needed in industry. Whilst Tomlinson ( 2004) wanted to reform 14-19 education and merge VE and academic learning, he had no view on how industry and employers would be an imperative and central part of the development in VE. College qualifications and skills teaching will not stand up to industry standards if employers are not consulted thoroughly.They need to be consulted initially to develop qualifications that are relevant as well as periodically to integrate changes, updates and progression within industry. Links with employers have traditionally been through apprenticeships, mainly for 16-18 year olds. The introduction of adult apprenticeships has had an impact on apprenticeships available to young people as older apprentices can offer life skills and additional qualifications to an employer, The Wolf Report confirms this, stati ng that 19+ students with A levels took the majority of Advanced Apprenticeships.In 2008/9 there was a 7% fall in the number of 16-18 year olds starting on apprenticeships. This was due to the promotion of adult apprenticeships as well as the economic downturn of the country. With the age of compulsory education rising and a lack of apprenticeships being offered by employers, it will be important to sanction the links with employers to help young people stay in education, learn valuable skills and contribute to society for our future work force. The Wolf Report (2011) highlighted the need for employer engagement, saying that employers have gradually been frozen out of the way VE operates.Strengthening links between employers and VE is one of Wolfs major recommendations, as well as prioritising the development of apprenticeships and work experience and increasing the involvement of employers in FE colleges to improve employability. Her give notice (of) recommendations summed up bel ow, state Implementing its recommendations should raise the quality of provision, increase the time spent teaching and thinking about students, reduce the time spent on pointless bureaucracy, increase young peoples skills in critically important areas and make a real difference to young peoples ability to obtain employment (Wolf, 2011, p.144).From the TLRP report 2006 and the Wolf Report 2011, 5 years apart, has much changed or been utilize? Working with employers, I have seen the effect of the economic decline in employment opportunities and feel that some of the changes necessary are beyond the power of education specialists and need to come from alternative government policies to increase employment opportunities. The future The future involves change and evolution of what we have in place at present to ensure FE tutors keep up to date with knowledge and skills.The government have introduced 13 University Technical Colleges (UTC) which will start to open in September 2012, with a government commitment to another 24 and plans for 100 in the next 5 years. UTCs are linked to a university and will be open all year round with a timetabled day between 8. 30am and 5. 30pm and cater for between 600-800 students. They will parcel out academic subjects in Maths, English, Sciences, Humanities and Languages as well as transferable employment skills. UTC students will have two specialist vocational subjects i. e. Engineering and Advanced Manufacturing.The lengthened day will ensure that all homework, enrichment and work experience is covered in the timetable. FE colleges will have the opportunity to get going co-sponsors but they will be led primarily by a university. Does this reduce the role of FE colleges? more seems designed to strengthen the progression forward to HE and not FE, whereas Foster (2005) described FE as essential to widening participation in HE and removing barriers. Another emerging education route is Studio Schools which will be state-funded and a ccommodate 300 students, time tabled between 9am and 5pm.Six are already open with another 6 planned by the end of 2012. They will teach through companionship projects, enterprise and work experience. By focussing on how subjects are delivered they may be able to contribute to closing the divide in vocational and academic education. These 2 different types of establishments are similar in the way they are designed to transform of 14-19 education, such as opening times and their work and the companionship experiences approaches to learning. The biggest difference is the number of students enrolled.It seems that large academies have been growing over the last couple of years with numbers in excess of 1000 students. Throughout the research I have read there has been no mention of class sizes. It has been proved in the past that some students do not flourish in a large class environment but yet no one has thought to research this. I think on occasions students become a number and I ho pe that in the future we can still personalise education for the individual as they are all unique. resultant During this literature review I found a diverse range of opinions articles written about VE and academic education and how they can be both valued in society . In January 2012 Alison Wolf back the action to remove the equivalency of GCSEs from most vocational subjects. I feel this widens the gap of value between the two education routes but, UTCs and Studio Schools offer alternatives and it may be an advantage to tell academic and VE entirely.Through this research I have looked at many areas, concerns and government policies and one of the areas that I think is more important and has a direct relationship to teaching is how 14-16 years old learners integrate into FE colleges and whether learning is appropriate and meets their needs this is an important consideration that requires more research. Word Count-3100 Bibliography Connexions. (2002). Results of the Connexions Servi ce consultations held with young people on the green paper. 14-19 extending opportunities, raising standards. Connexions.DfES. (2002). 14-19 green Paper Consultation Workshops Review. DfES. Foster, A. (2005). Realising the Potential, A review of the future of further education colleges. Nottinghamshire DfES Publications. Nuffield Foundation. (2009). Educational for All The Future of Education and Training for 14-16 Year Olds. The Future of Education and Training for 14-16 Year Olds. Fuller, A. and Unwin, L. (2011). capital of the United Kingdom Review of Education, Vocational education and training in the spotlightback to the future for the UKs Coalition Government. capital of the United Kingdom Routledge.Harkin, J. (2006). Behaving like adultsmeeting the needs of younger learners in further education. London Leaning and Skills Council. Higham, J and Yeomans, D. (2011). Thirty years of 14-19 education and training in England Reflections on policy, curriculum and organisation. London Review of Education, 217-230. Hodgson, A. and Spours, K. (2010). Journal of Education and Work, Vocational qualifications and progression to higher education the case of the 14-19 Diplomas in the English system. London Routledge. Hodgson, A. and Spours, K. (2011).London Review of Education, Educating 14-19 year olds in England a UK lens on possible futures. London Routledge. Hodgson, A. , Spours, K. , and Waring, M. (2005). Higher Education, Curriculum 2000 and the future reform of 14-19 qualifications in England. London Routledge. Huddleston, P, Keep, W, Unwin, L,. (2005). Nuffield Review of 14-19 Education and Training discourse Paper 33, What might the Tomlinson and white paper proposals mean for vocational education and work based learning? Teaching and learning Research Programme (2006). 14-19 Education and Training.London Teaching and Learning Research Programme. Teaching and Learning Research Programme. (2006). 14-19 Education and TrainingA Commentary by the Teaching and Le arning Research Programme. London Teaching and Learning Research Programme. Tomlinson, M. (2004). 14-19 Curriculum and Qualifications Reform, Final Report on the Working aggroup on 14-19 Reform. Wolf, A. (2011). Review of Vocational Education-The Wolf Report. Websites Studio Schools Trust. n. d. online available at www. studioschooldtrust. org Accessed 30 January 2012 University Technical Colleges. n. d. online Available at.www. utcolleges. org Accessed 30 January 2012 Newspaper Articles Baker, L. (2011). Wolfs backing of vocational training is great, but she ducks the question of how much it will cost The Times Educational Supplement. 25 March 2011, p. 31. Meikle, J. (2007) Diplomas being introduced too fast, warns MPs, The Guardian. 17 May 2007. online Vasager, J. (2012). Thousands of vocational qualifications to be stripped out of GCSE league tables. The Guardian. 31 January 2012. online Wolf, A. (2012) An end to qualifications that have no real value The Guardian. 31 January 2 012. online.

Improving Management Essay Example for Free

Improving Management EssayIt has been established that high society Q is a small grocery chain that has recently decided to close two of their stores in heavily be aras due to profit loss and high crime statistics. The necessity to close two stores is a of import economic failure for both the union and the stake holders involved in the franchise. caller Q has demonstrated that improvements indigence to be made to restore their reputation within the partnership and gain the confidence it needs to keep up among the shargon holders of the company. Since high society Q has unlikeable these two stores, the loss of employment by members of the community has been recognized along with the need for citizens to travel further outside of the community for groceries.This takes tax revenue away from the city and has overly resulted in two va fag endt buildings. In a community already plagued with crime, this adds to the potential of additional crime. In order to salvage ships co mpany Qs reputation with the community and restore avow with the shareholders, portentous changes en blaspheme need to be made. Based on the occlusive of two stores, the social responsibility that Company Q exudes is very(prenominal) poor and concerted effort will need to be displayed in order to prove they are a socially responsible company.Part BFor several years, customers of Company Q have requested that Company Q offer a more health conscience and organic variety of foods. Due to the recent closure of two stores, it is noted that there are now funds available to provide this request at the remaining open franchises. Company Q recognizes that in order to regain the customers trust, they need to be accommodating to the desires and needs of their customers. The first good word is to continue to provide the healthier, organic food varieties being requested. This perform recognizes the customers desires and validates that Company Q is listening and wants to be accommodating.M oney that is no longer being utilised to manage the two stores that are closed can now be allocated to the high borderline items at the stores that remain open.Company Q has been asked by the local food vernacular to donate day-old products instead of throwing it away. Company Q has denied this request citing worries about fraud and possibilities of employees stealing and stating that they were actually donating it. Our first recommendation is to rescind this policy and do work with your local food bank to be able to obtain this otherwise wasted food. The reputation with the community is already fragile after the closure of two nearby stores. In order to build trust with the community and the shareholders of Company Q, simply providing the requested healthier, organic food will not be enough. limited effort being demonstrated by Company Q will need to be recognized.The next recommendation would be to create an follow out Committee within each of Company Qs open stores. This Ac tion Committee will work together to create a system thatmonitors the amount of high margin items being purchased from the distributor and then being sold to the customer. The products that can be donated to the local food bank will be recorded. These records will be maintained by the Action Committee and preferably a member of the managerial staff. The donated product can be considered a tax write off at year end. Since there is a committee monitoring what is coming in and what is being donated out, it will stand by minimize the potential of fraud or possible theft by employees.This Action Committee can then determine which products are being sold on a consistent basis and which products are being donated. The purchasing of high margin items from the distributors can be adjusted so that more popular items are being sold and fewer items are being donated. This action will demonstrate to the community that Company Q cares about the citizens and they want to be an active part of the community. It also can instill trust with Company Qs employees that they are not the reason the business wasnt donating to the local food bank, and that they deal their employees are trusting and have integrity.A final recommendation would be for Company Q to establish their own volunteer program consisting of members of management. If additional employees of Company Q desire to be part of the volunteer committee, it is completely on a volunteer basis. This volunteer police squad will periodically represent Company Q at local events. They can volunteer time at the food bank, local homeless shelters, charitable events and so forth. The team can organize events to paint over graffiti in the part of town where they previously closed two of their stores. The presence of Company Q in the community can help restore trust that was confounded when two stores were closed and the community suffered. The stockholders in Company Q will also see a significant change in the communitys perspe ctive of their company.Based on these three recommendations, we believe that Company Q will exemplify the social responsibility expected by a company this size and that has such a presence in this populated community. Upon request, additional recommendations can be made to ensure Company Q sustains and improves upon its reputation with the public.

Kant vs Mill Essay Example for Free

Kant vs hoagy EssayIn the Foundation of the Metaphysics of Morals, the author, Immanuel Kant, tries to form a base by deflecting every(prenominal) ethical theories that ar connected to consequences, and then focusing on our ethical motivations and saves. Kant wants to derive pricy characters out of contingently right actions. He believes that everything is contingent (everything can stick out veracious or bad worth, depending on how it is used). So he is essay to find the supreme principal of morality in all his reasoning. Kant similarly believes that an action is right or wrong based solo on the reason by which it was performed.However, a Utilitarian, analogous John Mill, would reject Kants reasoning of originating good characters out of actions alone, and instead argue that if an action has bad consequences, then the action was morally wrong. Kant believes that an action has moral worth only if it is done out of respect for our moral code. He label this moral act ion a ? duty. Kant also believes that in determining the moral worth of an action, we need to looking for at the maxim by which it was performed. So, we need to look at ones reason for doing an action to determine if it is a duty. If the reason for performing the action is justified, then the action is a duty.However, Kant says there argon two varied types of reasons for performing an action. Kant calls these reasons ? imperatives. The first reason for performing an action, the hypothetical imperative, is based on consequences and on our personal preferences. They be also contingent, meaning that they can be good or bad depending on how they are used. mountain choose to perform a given action because of the hypothetical imperative. The second reason for performing an action according to Kant is called the categorical imperative. These are not based on our preferences, dont deal with consequences of an action, and are derived a priori.They are completely separate from hypotheti cal imperatives. We all have knowledge of categorical imperatives before experiencing them first. They are openhearted of a second nature for us, which needs to be recognized according to Kant. These are the most grand reason for performing an action. These imperatives also have the characteristics that Kant needs in order to make his point that all of our moral principals are categorical, have absolute authority, and are independent of different situations. These categorical imperatives have common chord different formulations. The second formulation of the categorical imperative deserves the most attention.The second formulation states that all sharp beings should be treated as ends, because they are ends in themselves. So in making a decision, we essential choose the action which respects the ends of others and of ourselves. This would be respecting an individuals autonomy. Autonomy is commanding yourself to do what you commend is a good idea to do. Since your self-identity comes from the autonomy principal, it is making fillings based on your values. Each person has an idea of how they want to feel their life, and with interfering with that idea, we are showing that person a lack of respect for their whole person.A good example of interfering with a persons autonomy is making off-key pacts to some(prenominal)body. When we lie to someone, we take away their choice by exploiting them. So when we take away their choices, we take away their autonomy. This is because it distracts the persons perception on what is the case. If they cant wait on everything clearly and make a good, moral choice, that is because they dont know what they should. So we rob them of the ability to control themselves and their future. If everybody make choices and acted on their autonomy, would this world be a safe place to live?It wouldnt, because some people have no morals, and their autonomy tells them it is on their best intimacy to kill somebody. However, if each person respected the ends of themselves and of others, time acting on their autonomy, it would be a very safe place to live. In fact, it would be a perfect community. Kant calls this idea the ? Kingdom of Ends. In the Kingdom of Ends, only those moral laws which respect and further the organization of this perfect community are adopted. This perfect community is impossible to achieve, Kant says. But he says it is our best interest to try to reach it.As I mentioned before, a Utilitarian, like John Mill, would argue against Kant by truism that an action has moral worth based on its consequences alone. Mill would argue against Kant by saying that making treasonably promises are good or bad, based on the outcome, not on making the false promise. Mill would argue that if lying to somebody saved them some misery, or even their life, then lying to them would be the right action to do. For example, if you knew that somebody was going to get the crap kicked out of them tomorrow in secernate, and this person happened to be your friend, then you would tell them that your instructor called and class was cancelled.This would be making a false promise to your friend, and will most in all probability have good consequences because your friend did not go to class and get beat up. Mill says this is the right action to take in this situation, because there were good consequences in the end of things. However, Kant would completely reject this idea of performing actions based on consequences. He does this based solely on unforeseen consequences. We cannot hope to predict the outcome of any given situation.It is impossible there is no such thing as seeing the future. So by making a false promise to your friend, you have still done the morally wrong action, even though it will most likely save them some suffering. It did indeed take away their choices, so they cant act in a way they want to act (going to class). I happen to agree with Kants idea here. I think that no matter what the consequences are, performing the right action is always the right thing to do. Overall I think that Kant has better arguments because they are directed at the individual, not at society in whole.I also agree that the moral worth of actions is determined by the motivating principal of the action, not by the consequences, like John Mill. So I am a deontologist, for the most part. However, I also agree with some of the things that Mill has to say. So is there a way that we can combine the ideas of Mill and Kant together in order to form a perfect society in which everybody is happy? I dont know the perform to this question, but we should all strive to do so, and we should start by respecting each others autonomy and treating others as ends.

Crime and Voilence in Jamamica Essay Example for Free

discourtesy and Voilence in Jamamica EssayThe Primary Factors Contributing to nuisance and force out in Jamaica. Jamaica is a society which has been affected by hatred and madness over the early(prenominal) long time, and is continuously been affect by this phenomenal. Crime and violence involves the intent or use of psychological and strong-arm force or power against onenessself or another to do harm (Hoffman, 2009). Jamaica is a country plagued by crime and violence, specially in urban atomic number 18as. Jamaica since 1977 has become the Caribbean nation with the proudest homicide pass judgment in its citizenry and relates to grip this position (Harriott, 2007. ) The direct contributing factors for crime and violence in Jamaica is a challenge to identify as crime and violence understructure thrive in so many environments. However the proximate or primary factors can be classified as corruptness, demographics, un physical exertion, destabilized family, weak eva luator form, an interconnecting network of criminal gangs, drugs running, governance and the police. correspond to Harriott, Demographics are a background factor which is contributing to crime and violent in Jamaica. In Jamaica the age gathering 15-29 is held responsible for most of the violent crimes committed within the country. In particular anthropoids in this age group are the prime offenders, they are similarly prime victims. Over the past years the age group 15-29 has being expanding rapidly. As a result the factor behind our spirited crime rate is the huge population of ages 15 -29. Due to this laid-back perpennyage in the age group 15-25 there is an sum up in juvenile and violent crime especially where there is the availability of guns. Harriott tho stated that we currently experiencing the worst demographic factor for m 1985, and this will continue until 2020 where we are expect to see an 87 per cent decline of its 1995 size. Urbanization is the second factor, whi ch in order to understand the demographics factors one must associate the two factors.Coming from being 30 per cent urban in 1960, Jamaica was most 60 per cent urban in the year 2000. There is in any case a process of auxiliary urbanization in St James (3.7 per cent), Mandeville (3.1 per cent), St Ann (2.4 per cent), and capital of Jamaica and St Andrew (2.3 per cent) which had the largest percentage increase in population amidst 1996 and 1998. From these figures to a higher place one can say that there is a decline in the rural population and an increase growth for secondary urbanization, in the tourist and bauxite towns of Montego Bay, Mandeville, and Ocho Rios. All parish capitals are experiencing urbanizations as a result the high risk group (ages 15-29) is being increasingly compacted in dense, poor, urban neighborhoods, (Slums). This problem points to potential for high crimes judge in Kingston and St Andrew and St Catherine, which is excessively exported to other devel oping urban centers. High rate of youth employment is also one of the leading factors of crime and violent in Jamaica. The rate of unemployment in Jamaica is 17.5 per cent. .Unemployment in Jamaica especially among Jamaican teen leads to poverty, idleness, utter egotism, frustration, and eventually crime and violence according to Don Anderson survey. Employment is seen as the way to survive so without work youths tends to be weaken and consequently this leads to idleness, which leads to badness, gang wars, and crime and violence. Youths also admits that they would have less time and energy to steal and commit other crimes if they were working. Harriott stated that in 1998 the unemployment rate for 14-29 age groups was 26.5 per cent. This rate consists of 18.9 per cent green males, and 35 per cent young females. (Anderson 1998). The unemployment rate for young males (14-29) in Kingston Metropolitan Area was 17.8 per cent in 1998, compared to 26.5 per cent in other towns and 17 per cent in rural areas.In St A Andrew and Kingston there is a pressure on young males for scotch support form baby mothers, mothers, siblings and other family members. This is one of the reasons for robbery, car theft, pick pocketing in the corporal Area. (Gayle 1999). The high unemployment rate in other rapidly urbanizing upcountry-city areas such as Ocho Rios, May Pen, Mandeville, Montego Bay and Savanna-la-mar, also will lead to crime disaster as in Kingston and St Andrew. Employment is seen as rattling beneficiary and not been employed in Jamaica especially its youths can lead to crime and violence among males, and jejune pregnancy and dependency on men, abuse and domestic violence for female. Destabilized family structure including poor parenting can also be look at as a factor that contributes to crime and violence in Jamaica. Jamaican society has been often referred to as a matrifocal society.Many families are female headed households without the presence of a male figure. Children from these household manifest a number of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems, including sadness, depression, delinquency, aggression, sex role difficulties, early initiation of internal body process and teen pregnancy, as well as poor social and adoptive functioning and low self-esteem. The absence of guidance in parental or societal role models leaves a gap which is make full by peer groups, particular among men. gibe to the Grace Kennedy Foundation lecture (1991), peer group in truth replaces mother and fathers as the controlling agents. Traditional role models become replaced by gun and this result in the emergence of Dons and Robin hoods. Low self-esteem is also a consequence of poor parenting. Youths with low self-esteem carve love from peers and others, and if been disrespected this can fuel problems among individuals.Harriott however stated that countering this however is the gun, which notes the ultimate guarantor of respect. With this in view t he inner-city don become role model for youths, not only because of their ability to ask and dispense largess, but Corruption is also a crucial primary factor. According to Harriott, police that humiliate unjust inequalities are likely to inflict some categories of violent crime, but research findings cast some doubts that in Jamaica they would have contribute to the remove rate due to corruption. Transparency international, measured the degree to which corruption exist among public officials and politicians, and produce an annual corruption index. For 2005 Jamaica attained a score of 3.6 out of 10 and rank 64 out of 159 countries surveyed. Organizational crime in Jamaica has been facilitated by corruption, relationship between cut-and-dried criminal gangs and the major political institutions. Harriott further stated that gangs are key players in the processes of political mobilization on the streets, securing electoral victories, and in consolidating power -often because of their hold on communities of the urban poor.This relationship leads to a booming of corruption, and plunder of the resources of the state. Corruption facilitates serious crimes, and endemic corruption, ensures the freedom of action to build successful criminal enterprises. This is most problematic and yet most evident in police service where corruption is endemic and institutionalized. From interviews which were conducted by Special Task on Crime selected JFC personnel from different ranks expressed the view that the majority of their sr. officers were corrupt within the thread. Some of these corrupt practices among members of the force include Contract killing or murder for hire, tampering with biological exhibits, e.g. urine samples, dropping charges, including serious offences, planting evidence, providing escort for illegal drugs etc.A weak Criminal Justice System also facilitates criminal activities within the country. Where there are high levels of corruption and influence easily immunizes high-end criminals against police action. This is certainly the case in Jamaica. Moreover, the criminal justice system is, in one respect, antiquated and overload and thus unable to effectively respond to the more civilize criminal groups. Harriott stated that associated institutions, including the existing body of laws, are also, in some respects, antiquate for dealing with crime. The case-load of the investigative units of the police is a good indicator of the degree of immunity from law enforcement (not crime-fighting) that is enjoyed by criminals. For effectiveness, the number of investigators should be greater than the number of cases to be investigated. Instead, a single divisional homicide investigator is, for example, burdened with a case-load of 12 to fifteen homicides, and this was in 2000(PERF 2001,49).Not surprisingly, in 2004, the clear-up rate for murder 9 the number of arrests as a percentage of all reported murders) was 44.8 per cent, and the cle ar-up rate of violent crimes, that is, the most serious offence against person (murder, shootings, loot and robbery aggregated) was 39.8 per cent (PIOJ2005, 24.30). For serious crimes, the clear-up rates are poor, and given the case-loads ratios, the conviction rates are unsurprisingly low. In the case of murder, the conviction rate is estimates at less than 20 per cent. As a result the justice system in Jamaica is very weak in frightening against crime. Jamaica can be described as an interconnecting network of criminal gangs, drugs running, politics and the police. Therefore Gangs, Drugs and Politics can also be discussed as primary contributing factors to crime and violence in Jamaica. There are about forty- nine active gangs in Jamaica, but only a small number (14 per cent) are highly create.According to Harriott the highly organized gangs are deeply involved in the following activities trafficking cocaine, marijuana and crack, twain locally and overseas. It is also say that there is a significant Colombian drugs activity in Jamaica. Another major criminal activity for criminal gangs is protection and extortion rackets in business district in Inner-city areas. Business places pay funds to gangs in order for security, that their business and their customers are not robbed. This money is an important source of income for violent criminal gangs. According to Harriott this is extortion, which is a contributor to violent crimes in Kingston and St Andrew. It is also claimed that highly organized gangs operate a quasi-judicial system, complete with hearing witness and a rough schedule of punishment, including incarceration and the death penalty. Theses criminal gangs are also allegedly engaged in the large scale illegal importation of goods such as red peas, onions and cooking oil. Harriott stated that is may not directly constitute violent crime, nonetheless strengthens these groups economically, weakens legalise firms, etc. major gangs are said to be connec ted to the major political parties.This relationship between gang and political parties stands to be beneficial to both sides. In election gangs secure votes for political parties, and livelihood the peace during civil disturbances, which the most important benefit for gangs from political parties is protection from police. According to Harriott the main criminal gangs and the political parties have major stake in maintaining the existing corrupt relationship. Jamaica has been significantly affected by violence and crime. Violent crimes are one of Jamaicas major issues, for the past 20 year. According to Harriott the country has experience an overwhelming increase in murders and related assaults. The World Bank observe that crime is undermining growth, threatening human welfare, and impeding social development. Therefore the government and citizens of Jamaica has to take serious measures to reduce or eliminate the primary factors contributing to crime and violence.According to H arriott the only long term sustainable solution to the violent crimes problem in Jamaica is the recovery of the formal economy. Therefore the government must continue its programme of macroeconomic management. This may have short term negative social consequences, but in the end will lead to more job creation and a reduction in crime. Harriott further stated that the government must embark on a programme, however limited of formal economic activities in the inner city. The government could also develop a programme of physical upgrading in the inner city. This could involve fixing drains, improving sanitation, roads surfaces and housing, and beautification.This could add real value to properties in the inner city, as well as generating employment and improving the already and demoralizing physical environment. The failure of the rearingal system, for both the employed and unemployed have to be rectified also. One the government needs to find the causes of the high male drop- out rat e. The NPC could also develop a special task force on education and training, and a mandate to begin the necessary and urgent programme of restructuring and reprogramming. The most immediate measure which can be taken by the government is to control gun and ammunition.ReferenceGovernment of Jamaica. (2007). National security department Policy Towards a Secure and Prosperous Nation. Kingston Government of Jamaica.Gutierrez, I. M. (2009). Development and implementation of crime and violence observatories A tool for public policy. III Inter-American Forum on Violence Prevention and Citizen Security Addressing Crime and Violence in the Latin American and Caribbean Region. Kingston. Jamaica Jamaica Conference Centre.Harriott, A. D. (2008). Bending the trend line The challenge of controlling violence in Jamaica and the high violence societies of the Caribbean.Harriott, A.D.(2008). Organized Crime and Politics in Jamaica Breaking the Nexus. Kingston University of the West Indies Press.Ha rriott, A.D. Understanding Crime in Jamaica New challenges for public policy. Kingston University of the West Indies Press.Hoffman, J. S. (2009). Engaging citizens in crime and violence prevention Emerging approaches. III Inter- in American Forum on Violence Prevention and Citizen Security Addressing Crime and Violence the Latin American and Caribbean Region. Kingston, Jamaica Jamaica Conference Centre.McLean, J., Harriott, A., Ward, E., Buchannan, J., and Karia, R. 2008. Jamaica Community-Based Policing Assessment. Kingston Jamaica Constabulary Force and USAID.